Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:02:43.613Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Intangible assets and decline: a population ecology perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 February 2015

Yu-Chen Wei*
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Management, National Taipei University of Education, Taipei City, Taiwan
Carol Yeh-Yun Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, Taipei City, Taiwan
*
Corresponding author: wei@tea.ntue.edu.tw

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of environmental pressure, human capital, and social capital on organizational effectiveness and decline using a population ecology perspective. Panel data with 1,553 observations from 398 companies spanning 4 years in Taiwan were used for analyses. Research results indicate that several environmental pressure indicators significantly affect organization effectiveness and decline. Although human capital and social capital did not predict our outcome variables, human capital plays a moderating role in explaining the variation of the relationship between environmental pressure and organizational effectiveness. This paper provides a new perspective that suggests that organizations should accumulate intangible assets to resist the threat of external environmental pressure. The leading consumer electronics company Samsung is a good example supporting our argument that investment in human capital can produce commercial benefits, especially in tough economic times.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bain, G. S., & Elsheikh, F. (1976). Union growth and the business cycle: An economic analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bantel, K. A., & Jackson, S. E. (1989). Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top management team make a difference. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 107124.Google Scholar
Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17, 99120.Google Scholar
Bates, T. (1985). Entrepreneur human capital endowments and minority business viability. Journal of Human Resources, 20, 540554.Google Scholar
Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Betton, J., & Dess, G. G. (1985). The application of population ecology models to the study of organizations. Academy of Management Review, 10, 750757.Google Scholar
Boyd, B. (1990). Corporate linkages and organizational environment: A test of the resource dependence model. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 419430.Google Scholar
Brittain, J. W., & Freeman, J. (1980). Organizational proliferation and density-dependent selection. In J. Klmberly & R. Miller (Eds.), The organizational life cycle (pp. 201341). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Bruggeman, J. D., Grunow, D., Leenders, M. A. A. M., Vermeulen, I., & Kuilman, J. G. (2012). Strategic market positioning: the shifting effects of niche overlap. Industrial and Corporate Change, 21, 14511477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchholtz, A. K., Ribbens, B. A., & Houle, I. T. (2003). The role of human capital in postacquisition CEO departure. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 506514.Google Scholar
Burt, R. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Boston: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Cabello-Medina, C., Lopez-Cabrales, Á., & Valle-Cabrera, R. (2011). Leveraging the innovative performance of human capital through HRM and social capital in Spanish firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 807828.Google Scholar
Cameron, K. S., Kim, M. U., & Whetten, D. A. (1987b). Organizational effects of decline and turbulence. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 222240.Google Scholar
Cameron, K. S., Whetten, D. A., & Kim, M. U. (1987a). Organizational dysfunctions of decline. Academy of Management Journal, 30, 126138.Google Scholar
Campbell, C. A. (1995). An empirical test of a decision theory model for entrepreneurial acts. Entrepreneurship and Reional Development, 7, 85103.Google Scholar
Carmeli, A., & Schaubreock, J. (2006). Top management team behavioral integration, decision quality and organizational decline. The Leadership Quarterly, 17, 441453.Google Scholar
Carmeli, A., & Sheaffer, Z. (2009). How leadership characteristics affect organizational decline and downsizing? Journal of Business Ethics, 86, 363378.Google Scholar
Carroll, G. R. (1984). Organizational ecology. Annual Review of Sociology, 10, 7193.Google Scholar
Carroll, G. R. (1987). Publish and perish: The organizational ecology of newspaper industries. Greenwich: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, G. R., & Delacroix, J. (1982). Organizational mortality in the newspaper industries of Argentina and Ireland: An ecological approach. Administrative Science Quarterly, 27, 169198.Google Scholar
Carroll, G. R., & Hannan, M. T. (1989). Density dependence in the evolution of populations of newspaper organizations. American Sociological Review, 54, 524541.Google Scholar
Chakravarthy, B. S. (1982). Adaptation: A promising metaphor for strategic management. Academy of Management Journal, 7, 3544.Google Scholar
Crook, T. R., Todd, S. Y., Combs, J. G., Woehr, D. J., & Ketchen, D. J. Jr. (2011). Does human capital matter? A meta-analysis of the relationship between human capital and firm performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96, 443456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Aveni, R. A. (1990). Top managerial prestige and organizational bankruptcy. Organization Science, 1, 121142.Google Scholar
Delacroix, J., & Carroll, G. R. (1983). Organizational foundings: An ecological study of the newspaper industries of Argentina and Ireland. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 274291.Google Scholar
Delacroix, J., Swaminathan, A., & Solt, M. E. (1989). Density dependence vs. population dynamics: An ecological study of failings in the California wine industry. American Sociological Review, 54, 245262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dess, G. G., & Beard, D. W. (1984). Dimensions of organizational task environments. Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, 5273.Google Scholar
Dominguez, S., & Watkins, C. (2003). Creating networks for survival and mobility: Social capital among African-American and Latin-American low-income mothers. Social Problems, 50, 111135.Google Scholar
Edwards, B., & McCarthy, J. D. (2004). Strategy matters: The contingent value of social capital in the survival of local social movement organizations. Social Forces, 83, 621651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elton, C. S. (1927). Animal ecology. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Evans, D. S., & Jovanovic, B. (1989). An estimated model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 808827.Google Scholar
Fertala, N. (2007). Do human and social capital investments influence survival? A study of female immigrant entrepreneurship in Germany. In L. M. Gillin (Ed.), 4th International Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship (AGSE) Entrepreneurship Research Exchange (pp. 532546). Melbourne: Australian Graduate School of Entrepreneurship, Swinburne University of Technology.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, S., & Hambrick, D. (1996). Strategic leadership. St. Paul: West.Google Scholar
Fischer, H. M., & Pollock, T. G. (2004). Effects of social capital and power on surviving transformational change: The case of initial public offerings. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 463481.Google Scholar
Ford, J. (1980). The occurrence of structural hysteresis in declining organizations. Academy of Management Review, 5, 589598.Google Scholar
Freeman, J., & Hannan, M. T. (1983). Niche width and the dynamics of organizational populations. American Journal of Sociology, 88, 11161144.Google Scholar
Gimeno, J., Folta, T. B., Cooper, A. C., & Woo, C. Y. (1997). Survival of the fittest? Entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 750783.Google Scholar
Granovetter, M. S. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481510.Google Scholar
Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33, 114135.Google Scholar
Greenhalgh, L. G. (1983). Organizational decline. In S. B. Bacharach (Ed.), Research in the sociology of organizations (pp. 231276). Greenwich: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Grinyer, P. H., & McKiernan, P. (1990). Generating major change in stagnating companies. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 131146.Google Scholar
Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9, 193206.Google Scholar
Hanley, K., & Wilhelm, W. J. (1995). Evidence on the strategic allocation of initial public offerings. Journal of Financial Economics, 37, 239257.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1977). The population ecology of organizations. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 929964.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1987). The ecology of organizational founding: American labor unions, 1836–1985. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 910943.Google Scholar
Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Hausman, J. A. (1978). Specification tests in econometrics. Econometrics, 46, 12511271.Google Scholar
Haveman, H. A. (1993). Organizational size and change: Diversification in the savings and loan industry after deregulation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38, 2050.Google Scholar
Hawley, A. (1978). Cumulative change in theory and in history. American Sociological Review, 43, 787796.Google Scholar
Hitt, M. A., Bierman, L., Shimizu, K., & Kochhar, R. (2001). Direct and moderating effects of human capital on strategy and performance in professional service firms: A resource-based perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 1328.Google Scholar
Huselid, M. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 635672.Google Scholar
Huselid, M. A., Jackson, S. E., & Schuler, R. S. (1997). Technical and strategic human resource management effectiveness as determinants of firm performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 171188.Google Scholar
Jacobs, J. (1961). The death and life of great American cities. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Kalnins, A., & Chung, W. (2006). Social capital, geography, and survival: Gujarati immigrant entrepreneurs in the U.S. lodging industry. Management Science, 52, 233247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, D., & Amburgey, T. L. (1991). Organizational inertia and momentum: A dynamic model of strategic change. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 591612.Google Scholar
Kor, Y., & Leblebici, H. (2005). How do interdependencies among human-capital deployment, development and diversification strategies affect firm’s financial performance? Strategic Management Journal, 26, 967985.Google Scholar
Kraatz, M. S. (1998). Learning by association? Interorganizational networks and adaptation to environmental change. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 621643.Google Scholar
Lam, S. S. K., & Yeung, J. C. K. (2010). Staff localization and environmental uncertainty on firm performance in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27, 677695.Google Scholar
Li, Y., Chen, H., Liu, Y., & Peng, M. (2014). Managerial ties, organizational learning, and opportunity capture: A social capital perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 31, 271291.Google Scholar
Lomi, A. (1995). The population ecology of organizational founding: Location dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40, 111144.Google Scholar
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (2001). Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 429451.Google Scholar
MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Jarvis, C. B. (2005). The problem of measurement model misspecification in behavioral and organizational research and some recommended solutions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 710730.Google Scholar
Mahsud, R., Yukl, G., & Prussia, G. E. (2011). Human capital, efficiency, and innovative adaptation as strategic determinants of firm performance. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18, 229246.Google Scholar
McKinley, W. (1987). Complexity and administrative intensity: The case of declining organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 87105.Google Scholar
McKinley, W., Latham, S., & Braun, M. (2014). Organizational decline and innovation: Turnarounds and downward spirals. Academy of Management Review, 39, 88110.Google Scholar
Miller, D. (1982). Evolution and revolution: A quantum view of structural change in organizations. Journal of Management Studies, 19, 131156.Google Scholar
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, 242266.Google Scholar
Oertal, S., & Walgenbach, P. (2012). The effect of partner exits on survival chances of SMEs. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 25, 462482.Google Scholar
Park, N. K., & Mezias, J. M. (2005). Before and after the technology sector crash: the effect of environmental munificence on stock market response to alliances of e-commerce firms. Strategic Management Journal, 26, 9871007.Google Scholar
Paulino, V. D. S. (2009). Organizational change in risky environments: Space activities. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 22, 257274.Google Scholar
Pennings, J. M., Lee, K., & Witteloostuijn, A. (1998). Human capital, social capital, and firm dissolution. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 425440.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J. (1994). Competitive advantage through people. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
Portes, A., & Sensenbrenner, J. (1993). Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology, 98, 13201350.Google Scholar
Ramaswamy, K., & Renforth, W. (1996). Competitive intensity and technical efficiency in public sector firms: Evidence from India. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 9, 417.Google Scholar
Richardson, R. J. (1987). Directorship interlocks and corporate profitability. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32, 367386.Google Scholar
Romo, F. P., & Schwartz, M. (1995). The structural embeddedness of business decision to migrate. American Sociological Review, 60, 874907.Google Scholar
Scott, W. G. (1974). Organizational theory: A reassessment. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 242254.Google Scholar
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 219237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Short, J. C., Ketchen, D. J. Jr., Palmer, T. B., & Hult, G. T. M. (2007). Firm, strategic group, and industry influences on performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 147167.Google Scholar
Silk, J. B., Beehner, J. C., Bergman, T. J., Crockford, C., Engh, A. L., Moscovice, L. R., Witting, R. M., Seyfarth, R. M., & Cheney, D. L. (2009). The benefits of social capital: Close social bonds among female baboons enhance offspring survival. Biological Sciences, 276, 30993104.Google Scholar
Singh, J. V., House, R. J., & Tucker, D. J. (1986). Organizational change and organizational mortality. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 587611.Google Scholar
Snell, S., & Dean, J. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: A human capital perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 467504.Google Scholar
Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structure and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations (pp. 153193). Chicago: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 450463.Google Scholar
Tallman, E. W., & Wang, P. (1994). Human capital and endogenous growth: Evidence from Taiwan. Journal of Monetary Economics, 34, 101124.Google Scholar
Trahms, C. A., Ndofor, H. A., & Sirmon, D. G. (2013). Organizational decline and turnaround: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 39, 12771307.Google Scholar
Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 464476.Google Scholar
Ulrich, D., & Lake, D. (1991). Organizational capability: creating competitive advantage. The Executive, 5, 7792.Google Scholar
Uzzi, B. D. (1996). The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. American Sociological Review, 61, 674698.Google Scholar
Uzzi, B. D., & Kellogg, J. L. (1997). Towards a network perspective on organizational decline. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 17, 111155.Google Scholar
van Witteloostuijn, A. (1998). Bridging behavioral and economic theories of decline: Organizational inertia, strategic competition, and chronic failure. Management Science, 44, 501519.Google Scholar
Villalonga, B. (2004). Intangible resources, Tobin’s q, and sustainability of performance differences. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 54, 205230.Google Scholar
Wang, G., Jiang, X., Yuan, C. H., & Yi, Y. Q. (2013). Managerial ties and firm performance in an emerging economy: Tests of the mediating and moderating effects. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30, 537559.Google Scholar
Weiss, L. (1974). The concentration-profits relationship and antitrust. In H. J. Goldschmid, M. H. Mann, & F. J. Weston (Eds.), Industrial concentration: The new learning (pp. 184245). Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Weitzel, W., & Johnson, E. (1989). Decline in organizations: A literature integration and extension. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34, 91109.Google Scholar
Whetten, D. A. (1980). Organizational decline: A neglected topic in organizational science. Academy of Management Review, 5, 577588.Google Scholar
Whetten, D. A. (1987). Organizational growth and decline processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 13, 335358.Google Scholar
Wiersema, M. F., & Bantel, K. A. (1992). Top management team demography and corporate strategic change. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 91122.Google Scholar
Wright, P. M., Smart, D. L., & McMahan, G. C. (1995). Matches between human resources and strategy among NCAA basketball teams. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 10521074.Google Scholar
Wu, J., & Chen, X. (2012). Leaders’ social ties, knowledge acquisition capability and firm competitive advantage. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 331350.Google Scholar
Xu, K., Huang, K. F., & Gao, S. (2012). The effect of institutional ties on knowledge acquisition in uncertain environments. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29, 387408.Google Scholar