Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-11T05:33:07.317Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Paternalistic leadership and employee creativity: A mediated moderation model

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 March 2017

Yating Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Chaoying Tang*
Affiliation:
School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Stefanie E Naumann
Affiliation:
Eberhardt School of Business, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
Yong Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
*
Corresponding author: tcy@ucas.ac.cn

Abstract

Our study extends the relationship between paternalistic leadership and employee creativity by identifying employee organizational identification as a mediator and employee perceived job security as a moderator. Results based on the data of 378 employees from a large bank in China indicated that employee perceived job security moderated the relationship between the morality component of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. In addition, employee organizational identification mediated the relationship between the morality component of paternalistic leadership and employee creativity. We discuss implications for research on paternalistic leadership and employee creativity.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aycan, Z. (2006). Paternalism: Towards conceptual refinement and operationalization. In K. S. Yang, K. K. Hwang, & U. Kim (Eds.), Scientific advances in indigenous psychologies: Empirical, philosophical, and cultural contributions (pp. 445466). London: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bandura, A., & McClelland, D. C. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 11731182.Google Scholar
Benkhoff, B. (1997). Better performance through organizational identification: A test of outcomes and antecedents based on social identity theory. In J. Wickham (Ed.), The search for competitiveness and its implications for employment (pp. 159179). Dublin: Oak Tree Press.Google Scholar
Bian, Y. (2002). Chinese social stratification and social mobility. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 91116.Google Scholar
Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L. K. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595616.Google Scholar
Chan, S., & Mak, W. (2012). Benevolent leadership and follower performance: The mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX). Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 29(2), 285301.Google Scholar
Chen, C. C. (2013). How does paternalistic style leadership relate to team cohesiveness in soccer coaching? Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(1), 8394.Google Scholar
Chen, X. P., Eberly, M. B., Chiang, T. J., Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2014). Affective trust in Chinese leaders linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 796819.Google Scholar
Cheney, G. (1983). On the various and changing meanings of organizational membership: A field study of organizational identification. Communications Monographs, 50(4), 342362.Google Scholar
Cheng, B., Farh, J., & Chou, L. (2006). Paternalistic leadership: Model and evidence. Taipei: Hwa Tai Publishing (in Mandarin).Google Scholar
Cheng, B. S., Chou, L. F., Wu, T. Y., Huang, M. P., & Farh, J. L. (2004). Paternalistic leadership and subordinate responses: Establishing a leadership model in Chinese organizations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 7(1), 89117.Google Scholar
Cheng, B., Chou, L., Huang, M., Farh, J. L., & Peng, S. (2003). A triad model of paternalistic leadership: Evidence from business organizations in Mainland China. Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, 20, 209250.Google Scholar
Cheng, B. S, Huang, M., & Chou, L. F. (2002). Paternalistic leadership and its effectiveness: Evidence from Chinese organizational teams. Journal of Psychology in Chinese Societies, 3(1), 113131.Google Scholar
Cheng, B. S., Lin, T., Cheng, H., Chou, L., Jen, C., & Farh, J. (2010). Paternalistic leadership and employee effectiveness: A multiple-level-of-analysis perspective. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 52(1), 123.Google Scholar
Cheng, B. S., Shieh, P. Y., & Chou, L. F. (2002). The principal’s leadership, leader-member exchange quality, and the teacher’s extra-role behavior: The effects of transformational and paternalistic leadership. Indigenous Psychological Research in Chinese Societies, 17, 105161 (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Cheng, M. Y., & Wang, L. (2014). The mediating effect of ethical climate on the relationship between paternalistic leadership and team identification: A team-level analysis in the Chinese context. Journal of Business Ethics, 129, 639654.Google Scholar
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Google Scholar
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874900.Google Scholar
Dyer, B. (2015, August 23). Why creativity is absolutely crucial in the workplace. Retrieved December 14, 2016, from http://fortune.com/2015/08/23/barbara-dyer-importance-of-creativity-at-work/.Google Scholar
Edwards, J. R., & Lambert, L. S. (2007). Methods for integrating moderation and mediation: A general analytical framework using moderated path analysis. Psychological Methods, 12, 122.Google Scholar
Emerson, R. M. (1976). Social exchange theory. Annual Review of Sociology, 2, 335362.Google Scholar
Epitropaki, O. (2003). Transformational leadership, psychological contract breach and organizational identification. Academy Management Conference Best Paper Proceedings, OB, M1–M6, 1-6 August, Seattle, Washington.Google Scholar
Erdogan, B., & Bauer, T. N. (2010). Differentiated leader-member exchanges: The buffering role of justice climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 6, 11041120.Google Scholar
Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. (2000). A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J. T. Li, A. S. Tsui, & E. Weldon (Eds.), Management and organizations in the Chinese context (pp. 84127). London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Farmer, S. M., Tierney, P., & Kung-Mcintyre, K. (2003). Employee creativity in Taiwan: An application of role identity theory. Academy of Management Journal, 46(5), 618630.Google Scholar
Fu, X., Li, Y., & Si, Y. (2013). The impact of paternalistic leadership on innovation: An integrated model. Nankai Business Review International, 4(1), 924.Google Scholar
Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161178.Google Scholar
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219247.Google Scholar
Gu, Q., Tang, T. L.-P., & Jiang, W. (2013). Does moral leadership enhance employee creativity? Employee identification with leader and leader–member exchange (LMX) in the Chinese context. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(3), 513529.Google Scholar
Haijun, Z. (2015). The relationship of coaches’ paternalistic leadership behaviors and high-level athletes’ sportspersonship in college: A mediated-moderator model. Studies of Psychology and Behavior, 13(1), 109114.Google Scholar
Hair, J., Anderson, R., Tatham, R., & Black, W. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
He, H., Brammer, S., & Mellahi, K. (2015). Corporate social responsibility, employee organizational identification, and creative effort: The moderating impact of corporate ability. Group and Organization Management, 40(3), 323352.Google Scholar
Hirst, G., van Dick, R., & van Knippenberg, D. (2009). A social identity perspective on leadership and employee creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 963982.Google Scholar
Hobfoll, S. E. (2001). The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3), 337421.Google Scholar
Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2014). Social identity processes in organizational contexts. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
House, R. J., Wright, N. S., & Aditya, R. N. (1997). Cross-cultural research on organizational leadership: A critical analysis and a proposed theory.. In P. C. Early, & M. Erez (Eds.), New perspectives on international industrial/organizational psychology (pp. 535625). San Francisco, CA: The New Lexington Press.Google Scholar
Huang, Xu., Xu, E., Chiu, W., Lam, C., & Jiing-Lih, F. (2015). When authoritarian leaders outperform transformational leaders: Firm performance in a harsh economic environment. Academy of Management Discoveries, 1, 180200.Google Scholar
Huettermann, H., Doering, S., & Boerner, S. (2014). Leadership and team identification: Exploring the followers’ perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(3), 413432.Google Scholar
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692724.Google Scholar
Karakas, F., & Sarigollu, E. (2012). Benevolent leadership: Conceptualization and construct development. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(4), 537553.Google Scholar
Kaufman, J. C. (2009). Creativity 101. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Kesen, M. (2016). Linking organizational identification with individual creativity: Organizational citizenship behavior as a mediator. Journal of Yasar University, 11(41), 5666.Google Scholar
Ko, K., & Jun, K.-N. (2015). A comparative analysis of job motivation and career preference of Asian undergraduate students. Public Personnel Management, 44(2), 192213.Google Scholar
Li, H., Ding, G., & Li, X. (2014). The impact of leadership on employee innovation behavior in the context of China: The perspective of paternalistic leadership ternary theory. Chinese Journal of Management, 11(7), 10051013.Google Scholar
Lindner, J. R. (1998). Understanding employee motivation. Journal of Extension, 36(3), 18.Google Scholar
Lipponen, J., Bardi, A., & Haapamäki, J. (2008). The interaction between values and organizational identification in predicting suggestion‐making at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81(2), 241248.Google Scholar
Liu, W., Zhang, P., Liao, J., Hao, P., & Mao, J. (2016). Abusive supervision and employee creativity: The mediating role of psychological safety and organizational identification. Management Decision, 54(1), 130147.Google Scholar
Madjar, N., Greenberg, E., & Chen, Z. (2011). Factors for radical creativity, incremental creativity, and routine, noncreative performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 730743.Google Scholar
Mael, F., & Ashforth, B. E. (1992). Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 103123.Google Scholar
Marta, S., Leritz, L. E., & Mumford, M. D. (2005). Leadership skills and the group performance: Situational demands, behavioral requirements, and planning. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 97120.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. P., Irving, P. G., & Allen, N. J. (1998). Examination of the combined effects of work values and early work experiences on organizational commitment. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19(1), 2952.Google Scholar
Miller, V. D., Allen, M., Casey, M. K., & Johnson, J. R. (2000). Reconsidering the organizational identification questionnaire. Management Communication Quarterly, 13(4), 626658.Google Scholar
Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373412.Google Scholar
Mussolino, D., & Calabrò, A. (2014). Paternalistic leadership in family firms: Types and implications for intergenerational succession. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2), 197210.Google Scholar
Mustafa, G., & Lines, R. (2012). Paternalism as a predictor of leadership behaviors: A bi-level analysis. Eurasian Business Review, 2(1), 6392.Google Scholar
Niu, C. P., Wang, A. C., & Cheng, B. S. (2009). Effectiveness of a moral and benevolent leader: Probing the interactions of the dimensions of paternalistic leadership. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12(1), 3239.Google Scholar
Offermann, L. R., & Hellmann, P. S. (1997). Culture’s consequences for leadership behavior: National values in action. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28(3), 342351.Google Scholar
Olkkonen, M. E., & Lipponen, J. (2006). Relationships between organizational justice, identification with organization and work unit, and group-related outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100(2), 202215.Google Scholar
Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2006). Leader–member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(2), 264279.Google Scholar
Pellegrini, E. K., & Scandura, T. A. (2008). Paternalistic leadership: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Management, 34(3), 566593.Google Scholar
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879903.Google Scholar
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185227.Google Scholar
Pučėtaitė, R. (2014). Stimulating organizational innovativeness through ethical leadership practices: The mediating role of organizational trust. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 231235.Google Scholar
Reiter-Palmon, R., Robinson-Morral, E., Kaufman, J. C., & Santo, J. (2012). Evaluation of self-perceptions of creativity: Is it a useful criterion? Creativity Research Journal, 24, 107114.Google Scholar
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698714.Google Scholar
Rodrigues, C. A. (1990). The situation and national culture as contingencies for leadership behavior: Two conceptual models. Advances in International Comparative Management: A Research Annual, 5, 5168.Google Scholar
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Xanthopoulou, D., & Bakker, A. B. (2010). The gain spiral of resources and work engagement: Sustaining a positive worklife. In A. B. Bakker, & M. P. Leiter (Eds.), Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research (pp. 118131). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Sarooghi, H., Libaers, D., & Burkemper, A. (2015). Examining the relationship between creativity and innovation: A meta-analysis of organizational, cultural, and environmental factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(5), 714731.Google Scholar
Schmidt, S. M., & Yeh, R. S. (1992). The structure of leader influence: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 23(2), 251264.Google Scholar
Schuh, S. C., Zhang, X. A., & Tian, P. (2013). For the good or the bad? Interactive effects of transformational leadership with moral and authoritarian leadership behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(3), 629640.Google Scholar
Sinha, A. (1990). Social and spatial order in villages in India. Landscape Research, 15(3), 1219.Google Scholar
Tang, C., & Naumann, S. E. (2015). Paternalistic leadership, subordinate perceived leader–member exchange and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(3), 291306.Google Scholar
Tierney, P., & Farmer, S. M (2002). Creative self-efficacy: Its potential antecedents and relationship to creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 11371148.Google Scholar
Tu, Y. D, & Lu, X. X. (2013). How ethical leadership influence employees’ innovative work behavior: A perspective of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2), 441455.Google Scholar
Uhl-Bien, M., & Maslyn, M. (2005). Paternalism as a form of leadership: Differentiating paternalism from leader-member exchange. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, 5-10 August, Honolulu, Hawaii.Google Scholar
van Dijke, M., & De Cremer, D. (2010). Procedural fairness and endorsement of prototypical leaders: Leader benevolence or follower control? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 8596.Google Scholar
Walumbwa, F. O., Mayer, D. M., Wang, P., Wang, H., Workman, K., & Christensen, A. L. (2011). Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115(2), 204213.Google Scholar
Wan, C., Chiu, C., Tam, K., Lee, S., Lau, I. Y., & Peng, S. (2007). Perceived cultural importance and actual self-importance of values in cultural identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 337354.Google Scholar
Westwood, R. (1997). Harmony and patriarchy: The cultural basis for ‘paternalistic headship’ among the overseas Chinese. Organization Studies, 18(3), 445480.Google Scholar
Wu, M., Huang, X., Li, C., & Liu, W. (2012). Perceived interactional justice and trust-in-supervisor as mediators for paternalistic leadership. Management and Organization Review, 8(1), 97121.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, E. (2010). The analysis of organizational creativity in schools regarding principals’ ethical leadership characteristics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 39493953.Google Scholar
Yousef, D. A. (1998). Satisfaction with job security as a predictor of organizational commitment and job performance in a multicultural environment. International Journal of Manpower, 19(3), 184194.Google Scholar
Zhang, A. Y., Tsui, A. S., & Wang, D. X. (2011). Leadership behaviors and group creativity in Chinese organizations: The role of group processes. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(5), 851862.Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Huai, M. Y., & Xie, Y. H. (2015). Paternalistic leadership and employee voice in China: A dual process model. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(1), 2536.Google Scholar
Zhou, H., & Long, L. R. (2011). Effects of job insecurity and creative self-efficacy on employees’ creativity. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 43(8), 929940.Google Scholar
Zhou, J., & Shalley, C. E. (2003). Research on employee creativity: A critical review and directions for future research. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 22, 165218.Google Scholar