Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T15:45:34.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

$\bf\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ twins in the rolled Mg–Zn–Ca alloy with high formability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 December 2014

Hiromi Nakano ,
Motohiro Yuasa ,
Yasumasa Chino  and
Mamoru Mabuchi
Hiromi Nakano
Affiliation:
Cooperative Research Facility Center, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
Motohiro Yuasa*
Affiliation:
Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
Yasumasa Chino
Affiliation:
Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
Mamoru Mabuchi
Affiliation:
Department of Energy Science and Technology, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: m-yuasa@aist.go.jp
Get access

Abstract

Hot-rolled Mg–Zn–Ca alloy, followed by annealing, shows high formability at room temperature because of the reduced intensity of the basal texture. [Y. Chino et al., Mater. Trans. 51, 818 (2010).] In the present work, microstructures of the as-rolled Mg–Zn–Ca alloy were investigated using electron backscattered secondary diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the twinnability of the Mg–Zn–Ca alloy. The microstructural investigations revealed that fine $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ twins and local fine-grained microstructures were formed. It is therefore suggested that the fine twins induce this local fine-grained microstructure, which become the nuclei for recrystallization during annealing. As a result, the intensity of the basal texture is reduced. Calculations revealed that the $\left\{ {10\bar 12} \right\}$ twinnability is enhanced by the addition of Ca because of the increased unstable stacking fault energy (γus) and decreased unstable twin fault energy (γut).

Keywords

Mgmicrostructuretransmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 29 , Issue 24 , 28 December 2014 , pp. 3024 - 3031
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Hakamada, M., Furuta, T., Chino, Y., Chen, Y., Kusuda, H., and Mabuchi, M.: Life cycle inventory study on magnesium alloy substitution in vehicles. Energy 32, 1352 (2007).Google Scholar
Yoshinaga, H. and Horiuchi, R.: Deformation mechanisms in magnesium single crystals compressed in the direction parallel to hexagonal axis. Trans. Jpn. Inst. Met. 4, 1 (1963).Google Scholar
Chino, Y., Mabuchi, M., Kishihara, R., Hosokawa, H., Yamada, Y., Wen, C.E., Shimojima, K., and Iwasaki, H.: Mechanical properties and press formability at room temperature of AZ31 Mg alloy processed by single roller drive rolling. Mater. Trans. 43, 2554 (2002).Google Scholar
Huang, X., Suzuki, K., and Saito, N.: Textures and stretch formability of Mg–6Al–1Zn magnesium alloy sheets rolled at high temperatures up to 793 K. Scr. Mater. 60, 651 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, X., Suzuki, K., Chino, Y., and Mabuchi, M.: Improvement of stretch formability of Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy sheet by high temperature rolling at finishing pass. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 7579 (2011).Google Scholar
Kim, S.H., You, B.S., Yim, C.D., and Seo, Y.M.: Texture and microstructure changes in asymmetrically hot rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. Mater. Lett. 59, 3876 (2005).Google Scholar
Watanabe, H., Mukai, T., and Ishikawa, K.: Effect of temperature of differential speed rolling on room temperature mechanical properties and texture in an AZ31 magnesium alloy. J. Mater. Process. Technol. 182, 644 (2007).Google Scholar
Cheng, Y.Q., Chen, Z.H., and Xia, W.J.: Drawability of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet produced by equal channel angular rolling at room temperature. Mater. Charact. 58, 617 (2007).Google Scholar
Huang, X., Suzuki, K., Watazu, A., Shigematsu, I., and Saito, N.: Effects of thickness reduction per pass on microstructure and texture of Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy sheet processed by differential speed rolling. Scr. Mater. 60, 964 (2009).Google Scholar
Li, H., Hsu, E., Szpunar, J., Utsunomiya, H., and Sakai, T.: Deformation mechanism and texture and microstructure evolution during high-speed rolling of AZ31B Mg sheets. J. Mater. Sci. 43, 7148 (2008).Google Scholar
Chino, Y., Sassa, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Tensile properties and stretch formability of Mg-1.5 mass%-0.2 mass%Ce sheet rolled at 723 K. Mater. Trans. 49, 1710 (2008).Google Scholar
Chino, Y., Sassa, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Texture and stretch formability of Mg-1.5 mass%Zn-0.2 mass%Ce alloy rolled at different rolling temperatures. Mater. Trans. 49, 2916 (2008).Google Scholar
Chino, Y., Sassa, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Texture and stretch formability of a rolled Mg–Zn alloy containing dilute content of Y. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 513–514, 394 (2009).Google Scholar
Kang, D.H., Kim, D.W., Kim, S., Bae, G.T., Kim, K.H., and Kim, N.J.: Relationship between stretch formability and work-hardening capacity of twin-roll cast Mg alloys at room temperature. Scr. Mater. 61, 768 (2009).Google Scholar
Yan, H., Chen, R.S., and Han, E.H.: Room-temperature ductility and anisotropy of two rolled Mg–Zn–Gd alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 3317 (2010).Google Scholar
Chino, Y., Huang, X., Suzuki, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Enhancement of stretch formability at room temperature by addition of Ca in Mg-Zn alloy. Mater. Trans. 51, 818 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mendis, C.L., Bae, J.H., Kim, N.J., and Hono, K.: Microstructures and tensile properties of a twin roll cast and heat-treated Mg–2.4Zn–0.1Ag–0.1Ca–0.1Zr alloy. Scr. Mater. 64, 335 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chino, Y., Ueda, T., Otomatsu, Y., Sassa, K., Huang, X., Suzuki, K., and Mabuchi, M.: Effects of Ca on tensile properties and stretch formability at room temperature in Mg-Zn and Mg-Al alloys. Mater. Trans. 52, 1477 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, D.W., Suh, B.C., Shim, M.S., Bae, J.H., Kim, D.H., and Kim, N.J.: Texture evolution in Mg-Zn-Ca alloy sheets. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 2950 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, S.J., Segall, M.D., Pickard, C.J., Hasnip, P.J., Probert, M.J., Refson, K., and Payne, M.C.: First principles methods using CASTEP. Z. Kristallogr. 220, 567 (2005).Google Scholar
Hohenberg, P. and Kohn, W.: Inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys. Rev. B 136, B864 (1964).Google Scholar
Kohn, W. and Sham, L.: Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects. Phys. Rev. A 140, A1133 (1965).Google Scholar
Perdew, J.P., Chevary, J.A., Vosko, S.H., Jackson, K.A., Pederson, M.R., Singh, D.J., and Fiolhais, C.: Atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces: Applications of the generalized gradient approximation for exchange and correlation. Phys. Rev. B 46, 6671 (1992).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vanderbilt, D.: Soft self-consistent pseudopotentials in a generalized eigenvalue formalism. Phys. Rev. B 41, 7892 (1990).Google Scholar
Yuasa, M., Hayashi, M., Mabuchi, M., and Chino, Y.: Improved plastic anisotropy of Mg–Zn–Ca alloys exhibiting high-stretch formability: A first-principles study. Acta Mater. 65, 207 (2014).Google Scholar
Vitek, V.: Intrinsic stacking faults in body-centred cubic crystals. Philos. Mag. 18, 773 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J., Hoagland, R.G., Hirth, J.P., Capolungo, L., Beyerlein, I.J., and Tome, C.N.: Nucleation of a $\left( {\bar 1012} \right)$ image twin in hexagonal close-packed crystals. Scr. Mater. 61, 903 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J., Hirth, J.P., and Tome, C.N.: $\left( {\bar 1012} \right)$ twinning nucleation mechanisms in hexagonal-close-packed crystals. Acta Mater. 57, 5521 (2009).Google Scholar
Yuasa, M., Hayashi, M., Mabuchi, M., and Chino, Y.: Atomic simulations of $\left( {10\bar 12} \right)$, $\left( {10\bar 11} \right)$ twinning and $\left( {10\bar 12} \right)$ detwinning in magnesium. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 015003 (2014).Google Scholar
Hantzsche, K., Wendt, J., Kainer, K.U., Bohlen, J., and Letzig, D.: Mg sheet: The effect of process parameters and alloy composition on texture and mechanical properties. JOM 61, 38 (2009).Google Scholar
Barnett, M.R.: Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys: Part I: “Tension” twins. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 464, 1 (2007).Google Scholar
Yuasa, M., Masunaga, K., Mabuchi, M., and Chino, Y.: Interaction mechanisms of screw dislocations with and twin boundaries in Mg. Philos. Mag. 94, 285 (2014).Google Scholar
Braszczynska-Malik, K.N., Litynska, L., and Baliga, W.: Transmission electron microscopy investigations of AZ91 alloy deformed by equal-channel angular pressing. J. Microscopy 224, 15 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnett, M.R.: Twinning and the ductility of magnesium alloys: Part II. “Contraction” twins. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 464, 8 (2007).Google Scholar
Ando, D., Koike, J., and Sutou, Y.: Relationship between deformation twinning and surface step formation in AZ31 magnesium alloys. Acta Mater. 58, 4316 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cizek, P. and Barnett, M.R.: Characteristics of the contraction twins formed close to the fracture surface in Mg–3Al–1Zn alloy deformed in tension. Scr. Mater. 59, 959 (2008).Google Scholar
Kim, K.H., Suh, B.C., Bae, J.H., Shim, M.S., Kimb, S., and Kima, N.J.: Microstructure and texture evolution of Mg alloys during twin-roll casting and subsequent hot rolling. Scr. Mater. 63, 716 (2010).Google Scholar
Jin, Q., Shim, S.Y., and Lim, S.G.: Correlation of microstructural evolution and formation basal texture in a coarse grained Mg-Al alloys during hot rolling. Scr. Mater. 55, 843 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, J.C. and Tan, M.J.: Dynamic continuous recrystallization characteristics in two stage deformation of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 339, 124 (2003).Google Scholar
Doherty, R.S., Hughes, D.A., Humphreys, F.J., Jonas, J.J., Jensen, D.J., Kassner, M.E., King, W.E., McNelley, T.R., McQueen, H.J., and Rollett, A.D.: Current issues in recrystallization: A review. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 238, 219 (1997).Google Scholar
Liu, J., Liu, T., Yuan, H., Shi, X., and Wang, Z.: Effect of cold forging and static recrystallization on microstructure and mechanical property of magnesium alloy AZ31. Mater. Trans. 51, 341 (2010).Google Scholar
Huang, X., Suzuki, K., Chino, Y., and Mabuchi, M.: Influence of rolling temperature on static recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy. J. Mater. Sci. 47, 4561 (2011).Google Scholar
Hirth, J.P., Pond, R.C., Hoagland, R.G., Liu, X.Y., and Wang, J.: Interface defects, reference spaces and the Frank–Bilby equation. Prog. Mater. Sci. 58, 749 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, J. and Beyerlein, I.J.: Atomic structures of symmetric tilt grain boundaries in hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystals. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 20, 024002 (2012).Google Scholar
Yasi, J.A., Nogaret, T., Trinkle, D.R., Qi, Y., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Curtin, W.A.: Basal and prism dislocation cores in magnesium: Comparison of first-principles and embedded-atom-potential method predictions. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 17, 055012 (2009).Google Scholar
Han, J., Su, X.M., Jin, Z.H., and Zhu, Y.T.: Basal-plane stacking-fault energies of Mg: A first-principles study of Li- and Al-alloying effects. Scr. Mater. 64, 693 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muzyk, M., Pakiela, Z., and Kurzydlowski, K.J.: Generalized stacking fault energy in magnesium alloys: Density functional theory calculations. Scr. Mater. 66, 219 (2012).Google Scholar
Sandlobes, S., Friak, M., Zaefferer, S., Dick, A., Yi, S., Letzig, D., Pei, Z., Zhu, L.F., Neugebauer, J., and Raabe, D.: The relation between ductility and stacking fault energies in Mg and Mg–Y alloys. Acta Mater. 60, 3011 (2012).Google Scholar
Tadmor, E.B. and Hai, S.: A Peierls criterion for the onset of deformation twinning at a crack tip. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 765 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tadmor, E.B. and Bernstein, N.: A first-principles measure for the twinnability of FCC metals. J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 52, 2507 (2004).Google Scholar
Shang, J.X. and Wang, C.Y.: First-principles investigation of brittle cleavage fracture of Fe grain boundaries. Phys. Rev. B 66, 184105 (2002).Google Scholar
Zhang, S., Kontsevoi, O.Y., Freeman, A.J., and Olson, G.B.: First-principles determination of the effect of boron on aluminum grain boundary cohesion. Phys. Rev. B 84, 134104 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaibyshev, R.O. and Sitdikov, O.S.H.: On the role of twinning in dynamic recrystallization. Phys. Met. Metallogr. 89, 384 (2000).Google Scholar
Sitdikov, O. and Kaibyshev, R.: Dynamic recrystallization in pure magnesium. Mater. Trans. 42, 1928 (2001).Google Scholar