Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T09:56:16.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In vitro corrosion and hemocompatibility evaluation of electrical discharge treated cobalt–chromium implant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 March 2019

Amit Mahajan  and
Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu Open the ORCID record for Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu [Opens in a new window]
Amit Mahajan
Affiliation:
Ph.D. Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab 144603, India
Sarabjeet Singh Sidhu*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering &Technology, Gurdaspur 143521, India
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: sarabjeetsidhu@yahoo.com
Get access

Abstract

The current paper focuses on the issue associated with the biological response of medical grade cobalt chromium (Co–Cr) alloy treated with electrical discharge at different spark energy levels by a varying current, pulse on-time, and pause (off) time. Three types of electrodes, namely, graphite (C), tungsten (W), and copper tungsten (Cu–W) were utilized for treating Co–Cr substrates in two different dielectric media such as mineral oil and deionized water. Electrochemical potentiodynamic tests were performed to investigate the corrosion resistance of untreated and treated surfaces. Furthermore, in vitro hemocompatibility tests were executed on the superior corrosion resistance samples for scrutinizing the red blood cell lysis (human blood response). The study revealed a significant improvement in the corrosion resistivity (<80%) and biological response for the surface treated with W–Cu electrode at low pulse pause duration. X-ray diffraction verified the formation of oxides and phosphides on the treated surface that promotes the biocompatibility.

Keywords

Co–Cr alloy implantselectrical dischargecorrosion resistancehemolysis
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 8 , 29 April 2019 , pp. 1363 - 1370
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Fraker, A.C.: ASM Handbook, 9th ed. (ASM International, Ohio, 1987); pp. 1324–1335.Google Scholar
Kubie, L.S. and Shults, G.M.: Studies on the relationship of the chemical constituents of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. J. Exp. Med. 42, 565–591 (1925).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walia, B., Sarao, T.P., and Grewal, J.S.: Corrosion studies of thermal sprayed HA and HA/Al2O3–TiO2 bond coating on 316L stainless steel. Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs 29, 245–252 (2015).Google Scholar
Hyslop, D.J.S., Abdelkader, A.M., Cox, A., and Fray, D.J.: Electrochemical synthesis of a biomedically important Co–Cr alloy. Acta Mater. 58, 3124–3130 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tarzia, V., Bottio, T., Testolin, L., and Gerosa, G.: Extended (31 years) durability of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis in mitral position. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 6, 570–571 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posada, O.M., Tate, R.J., and Grant, M.H.: Effects of CoCr metal wear debris generated from metal-on-metal hip implants and Co ions on human monocyte-like U937 cells. Toxicol. In Vitro 29, 271–280 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Okazaki, Y. and Gotoh, E.: Comparison of metal release from various metallic biomaterials in vitro. Biomaterials 26, 11–21 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, R. and Dahotre, N.B.: Corrosion degradation and prevention by surface modification of biometallic materials. J. Mater. Sci. 18, 725–751 (2007).Google ScholarPubMed
Hanawa, T.: Metal ion release from metal implants. Mater. Sci. Eng., C 24, 745–752 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, H.Y. and Bumgardner, J.D.: Changes in the surface oxide composition of Co–Cr–Mo implant alloy by macrophage cells and their released reactive chemical species. Biomaterials 25, 1233–1238 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, Z.B., Sun, J., Lu, S., and Vitos, L.: Assessing elastic property and solid-solution strengthening of binary Ni–Co, Ni–Cr, and ternary Ni–Co–Cr alloys from first-principles theory. J. Mater. Res. 33, 2763–2774 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X. and Liang, Y.: Corrosive wear of the Co–Cr–W alloy in liquid zinc. J. Mater. Res. 16, 1585–1592 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahasrabudhe, H., Bose, S., and Bandyopadhyay, A.: Laser processed calcium phosphate reinforced CoCrMo for load-bearing applications: Processing and wear induced damage evaluation. Acta Biomater. 66, 118–128 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mahajan, A. and Sidhu, S.S.: Surface modification of metallic biomaterials for enhanced functionality: A review. Mater. Technol. 33, 93–105 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S.L., Lin, M.H., Chen, C.C., and Ou, K.L.: Effect of electro-discharging on formation of biocompatible layer on implant surface. J. Alloys Compd. 456, 413–418 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harcuba, P., Bacakova, L., Strasky, J., Bacakova, M., Novotna, K., and Janecek, M.: Surface treatment by electric discharge machining of Ti–6Al–4V alloy for potential application in orthopaedics. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 7, 96–105 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sidhu, S.S., Batish, A., and Kumar, S.: Study of surface properties in particulate-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) using powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM). Mater. Manuf. Processes 29, 46–52 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang-bin, T., Dao-xin, L., Zhan, W., and Yang, G.: Electro-spark alloying using graphite electrode on titanium alloy surface for biomedical applications. Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 6364–6371 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, T.S., Huang, M.S., Wang, M.S., Lin, M.H., Tsai, M.Y., and Wang, P.Y.W.: Effect of electrical discharging on formation of nanoporous biocompatible layer on Ti–6Al–4V alloys. Implant Dent. 22, 374–379 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otsuka, F., Kataoka, Y., and Miyazaki, T.: Enhanced osteoblast response to electrical discharge machining surface. Dent. Mater. 31, 309–315 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, L., Zhao, L., Li, Z.Y., Feng, L., and Bai, X.: Surface characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V by SiC abrasive-mixed EDM with magnetic stirring. Mater. Manuf. Processes 32, 83–86 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhui, A.S., Singh, G., Sidhu, S.S., and Bains, P.S.: Experimental investigation of optimal ed machining parameters for Ti–6Al–4V biomaterial. Facta Univ. – Ser. Mech. Eng. 16, 337–345 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S.L., Lin, M.H., Huang, G.X., and Wang, C.C.: Research of the recast layer on implant surface modified by micro-current electrical discharge machining using deionized water mixed with titanium powder as dielectric solvent. Appl. Surf. Sci. 311, 47–53 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prakash, C., Kansal, H.K., Pabla, B.S., and Puri, S.: Experimental investigations in powder mixed electric discharge machining of Ti–35Nb–7Ta–5Zr β-titanium alloy. Mater. Manuf. Processes 32, 274–285 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, L.G., Khor, K.A., and Sundararajan, G.: Boride layer growth kinetics during boriding of molybdenum by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technology. Surf. Coat. Technol. 201, 2849–2853 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natesan, K. and Johnson, R.N.: Corrosion resistance of chromium carbide coatings in oxygen-sulfur environments. Surf. Coat. Technol. 33, 341–351 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahajan, A. and Sidhu, S.S.: Enhancing biocompatibility of Co–Cr alloy implants via electrical discharge process. Mater. Technol. 33, 524–531 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenko, M., Gorensek, M., Godec, M., Hodnik, M., Batic, B.S., Donik, C., and Dolinar, D.: Surface chemistry and microstructure of metallic biomaterials for hip and knee endoprostheses. Appl. Surf. Sci. 427, 584–593 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Im, B.M., Akiyama, E., Habazaki, H., Kawashima, A., Asami, K., and Hashimoto, K.: The effect of phosphorus addition on the corrosion behavior of amorphous Fe–8Cr–P alloys in 9M H2SO4. Corros. Sci. 37, 709–722 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, G.Y.: High-temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications, 1st ed. (ASM International, Ohio, 2007); p. 21.Google Scholar
Yang, B., Shi, C., Li, Y., Lei, Q., and Nie, Y.: Effect of Cu on the corrosion resistance and electrochemical response of a Ni–Co–Cr–Mo alloy in acidic chloride solution. J. Mater. Res. 33, 3801–3808 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuna, S.H., Pekmez, N.O., and Kurkcuoglu, L.: Corrosion resistance assessment of Co–Cr alloy frameworks fabricated by CAD/CAM milling, laser sintering, and casting methods. J. Prosthet. Dent. 114, 725–734 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qiu, J., Yu, W.Q., Zhang, F.Q., Smales, R.J., Zhang, Y.L., and Lu, C.H.: Corrosion behaviour and surface analysis of a Co–Cr and two Ni–Cr dental alloys before and after simulated porcelain firing. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 119, 93–101 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dora, C.P., Kushwah, V., Katiyar, S.S., Kumar, P., Pillay, V., Suresh, S., and Jain, S.: Improved metabolic stability and therapeutic efficacy of a novel molecular gemcitabine phospholipid complex. Int. J. Pharm. 530, 113–127 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Mahajan and Sidhu supplementary material

Mahajan and Sidhu supplementary material 1

Download Mahajan and Sidhu supplementary material(File)
File 1.6 MB