Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:00:05.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fates of Romes

Review products

KYLEHARPER, THE FATE OF ROME: CLIMATE, DISEASE, AND THE END OF AN EMPIRE. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017. Pp. xii + 417, illus. isbn9780691166834. £27.95/US$35.00.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2020

Alain Bresson*
Affiliation:
University of Chicago

Extract

Kyle Harper's book The Fate of Rome marks the thunderous entry of Nature into the world of ancient history of the twenty-first century. This is not the first book devoted to questions of climate and diseases in the ancient world, but its publication nonetheless represents a turning point. From now on, whether they work on political, social, economic, or even religious history, ancient historians will no longer be able to ignore these factors in their own writings. That is not to say that all the theses of the book, especially its natural determinism, should be accepted uncritically.

Type
Review Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

I wish to extend my thanks to Peter Thonemann for his invaluable help in the preparation of this paper, as well as to Marcel Keller, Fredrik Albritton Jonsson and the anonymous reviewers of the manuscript for their helpful suggestions.

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alfani, G. 2013: ‘Plague in seventeenth-century Europe and the decline of Italy: an epidemiological hypothesis’, European Review of Economic History 17, 408–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benedictow, O. J. 2004: The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History, Woodbridge.Google Scholar
Biraben, J.-N. 1975: Les hommes et la peste en France et dans les pays européens et méditerranéens, tome I: La peste dans l'histoire, Paris/The Hague.Google Scholar
Borsch, S., and Sabraa, T. 2017: ‘Refugees of the Black Death: quantifying rural migration for plague and other environmental disasters’, Annales de démographie historique 134, 6393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bresson, A. 2005: ‘Ecology and beyond’, in Harris, W. V. (ed.), Rethinking the Mediterranean, Oxford, 94114.Google Scholar
Bresson, A. 2014: ‘The ancient world: a climatic challenge’, in de Callataÿ, F. (ed.), Quantifying the Greco-Roman Economy and Beyond, Bari, 4362.Google Scholar
Büntgen, U., Myglan, V., Ljungqvist, F., et al. 2016: ‘Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD’, Nature Geoscience 9, 231–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, P. 2009: ‘Appearance and disappearance of the Plague: still a puzzle?’ in Bisgaard, L. and Søndergaard, L. (eds), Living with the Black Death, Odense, 1121.Google Scholar
Dull, R. A., Southon, J. R., Kutterolf, S., et al. 2019: ‘Radiocarbon and geologic evidence reveal Ilopango volcano as source of the colossal “mystery” eruption of 539/40 CE’, Quaternary Science Reviews 222, 105855, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.037CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durliat, J. 1989: ‘La peste du VIe siècle. Pour un nouvel examen des sources byzantines’, in Hommes et richesses dans l'Empire byzantin, tome I: IVe–VIIe siècle, Paris, 107–19.Google Scholar
Echenberg, M. 2002: ‘Pestis redux: the initial years of the third bubonic plague pandemic, 1894–1901’, Journal of World History 13, 429–49.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eisenberg, M. and Mordechai, L. 2019: ‘The Justinianic Plague: an interdisciplinary review’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 43, 156–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, M., Patterson, D. J., Kreiner, J., Arnold, E. F. and Newfield, T. P. 2018: ‘The environmental history of the Late Antique West: a bibliographic essay’, in Izdebski and Mulryan 2018, 31–50.Google Scholar
Gentilcore, D. 2017: ‘The impact of New World plants, 1500–1800: the Americas in Italy’, in Horodowich, E. and Markey, L. (eds), The New World in Early Modern Italy, 1492–1750, Cambridge, 190205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haldon, J., Elton, H., Huebner, S. R., Izdebski, A., Mordechai, L. and Newfield, T. P. 2018: ‘Plagues, climate change, and the end of an empire: a response to Kyle Harper's The Fate of Rome (1): Climate; (2): Plagues and a crisis of empire; (3): Disease, agency, and collapse’, History Compass 16/12, https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12508, https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12506, https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12507Google Scholar
Harper, K. 2015a: ‘Pandemics and passages to Late Antiquity: rethinking the plague of c. 249–270 described by Cyprian’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 28, 223–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, K. 2015b: ‘A Time to die: preliminary notes on seasonal mortality in late antique Rome’, in Laes, C., Mustakallio, K. and Vuolanto, V. (eds), Children and Family in Late Antiquity. Life, Death and Interaction, Leuven, 1534.Google Scholar
Harper, K. 2016a: ‘People, plagues, and prices in the Roman world: the evidence from Egypt’, Journal of Economic History 76, 803–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, K. 2016b: ‘The environmental fall of the Roman Empire’, Daedalus 145(2), 101–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, K. 2016c: ‘Another eye-witness to the plague described by Cyprian and notes on the “Persecution of Decius”’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 29, 473–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, K. 2018: ‘Invisible environmental history: infectious disease in Late Antiquity’, in Izdebski and Mulryan 2018, 298313.Google Scholar
Harper, K., and McCormick, M. 2018: ‘Reconstructing the Roman climate’, in Scheidel, W. (ed.), The Science of Roman History, Princeton, NJ, 1152.Google Scholar
Hassan, F. A. 2007: ‘Extreme Nile floods and famines in Medieval Egypt (AD 930–1500) and their climatic implications’, Quaternary International 173–174, 101–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izdebski, A., 2018: ‘Catastrophes aside: environment and the end of antiquity’, in Izdebski and Mulryan 2018, 367–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Izdebski, A. and Mulryan, M. (eds) 2018: Environment and Society in the Long Late Antiquity, Leiden/Boston.Google Scholar
Keller, M., Spyrou, M. A., Scheib, C. L., et al. 2019: ‘Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First Pandemic (541–750)’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 (25), 12,363–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, H. N. 2006: ‘Justinianic Plague in Syria and the archaeological evidence’, in Little, L. K. (ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity. The Pandemic of 541–750, Cambridge, 8796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, J. G., Ludlow, F., Stine, A. R., Boos, W. R., Sigl, M. and Marlon, J. 2017: ‘Volcanic suppression of Nile summer flooding triggers revolt and constrains interstate conflict in ancient Egypt’, Nature Communications 8 (900). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00957-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCants, A. E. C. 2015: ‘Historical demography’, in Scott, H. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Early Modern European History, 1350–1750, I, Peoples and Place, Oxford, 119–44.Google Scholar
McCormick, M. 2015: ‘Tracking mass death during the fall of Rome's empire (I)’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 28, 325–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, M. 2016: ‘Tracking mass death during the fall of Rome's empire (II): a first inventory of mass graves’, Journal of Roman Archaeology 29, 1004–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, M., Büntgen, U., Cane, M. A., et al. 2012a: ‘Climate change during and after the Roman Empire: reconstructing the past from scientific and historical evidence’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, 169220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCormick, M., Harper, K., More, A. F. and Gibson, K. 2012b: ‘Historical evidence on Roman and post-Roman climate, 100 BC to 800 AD’, DARMC Scholarly Data Series 2012-1, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/EDQQ4OCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menze, V. L. 2008: Justinian and the Making of the Syrian Orthodox Church, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moorhead, J. 2008: ‘Western approaches (500–600)’, in Shepard, J. (ed.), The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500–1492, Cambridge, 196220.Google Scholar
Mordechai, L. 2018: ‘Antioch in the sixth century: resilience or vulnerability?’, in Izdebski and Mulryan 2018, 207–23.Google Scholar
Mordechai, L. and Eisenberg, M. 2019: ‘Rejecting catastrophe: the case of the Justinianic Plague’, Past & Present 244, 350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mordechai, L., Eisenberg, M., Newfield, T. P., Izdebski, A., Kay, J. E. and Poinar, H. 2019: ‘The Justinianic Plague: an inconsequential pandemic?’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(51), 25,546–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moreland, J. 2018: ‘AD536 – Back to nature?’, Acta Archaeologica 89, 91111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newfield, T. P. 2018: ‘Mysterious and mortiferous clouds: the climate cooling and disease burden of Late Antiquity’, in Izdebski and Mulryan 2018, 271–97.Google Scholar
Roberts, N., Moreno, A., Valero-Garcés, B. L., et al. 2012: ‘Paleolimnological evidence for an east-west climate see-saw in the Mediterranean since AD 900’, Global and Planetary Change 84–85, 2334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sessa, K. 2019: ‘The new environmental fall of Rome: a methodological consideration’, Journal of Late Antiquity 12, 211–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slack, P. 1985. The Impact of the Plague in Tudor and Stuart England, Oxford.Google Scholar
Stathakopoulos, D. C., 2004: Famine and Pestilence in the Late Roman and Early Byzantine Empire: A Systematic Survey of Subsistence Crises and Epidemics, Aldershot/Burlington, VT.Google Scholar
van Ginkel, J. J. 1994: ‘John of Ephesus on emperors: the perception of the Byzantine Empire by a Monophysite’, in Lavenant, R. (ed.), VI Symposium Syriacum 1992, Orientalia Christiana Analecta 247, 323–33.Google Scholar
Wickham, C. 2005: Framing the Early Middle Ages: Europe and the Mediterranean, 400–800, Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar