Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T11:31:58.191Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Are smoking cessation behaviours among daily smokers associated with a perceived public stigma of smokers? Cross-sectional analyses of Norwegian data 2011–2013

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2020

Gunnar Sæbø Open the ORCID record for Gunnar Sæbø [Opens in a new window]  and
Marianne Lund
Gunnar Sæbø*
Affiliation:
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
Marianne Lund
Affiliation:
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), Oslo, Norway
*
Author for correspondence: Gunnar Sæbø, E-mail: Gunnar.Saebo@fhi.no
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Introduction

Perceived stigma may be an unintended consequence of tobacco denormalization policies among remaining smokers. Little is known about the role of perceived stigmatization in cessation behaviours.

Aims

To test if perceived public smoker stigma is associated with recent attempts to cease smoking and future cessation plans among adult daily smokers.

Methods

Using merged data from the biennial national survey Norwegian Monitor 2011 and 2013 (N daily smokers = 1,029), we performed multinomial and ordinal regression analyses to study the impact of perceived public stigma (measured as social devaluation and personal devaluation) on recent quit attempts, short-term intention to quit and long-term intention to quit, controlling for confounders. One additional analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between stigma and intention to quit on quit attempts.

Results

A significant association between perceived social devaluation and recent quit attempts was found (OR 1.76). Perceived stigma was not associated with future quit plans. Personal devaluation was not associated with any cessation outcome. The role of perceived social devaluation on quit attempts was mainly found among smokers with intentions to quit.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that stigma measured as social devaluation of smokers is associated with recent quit attempts, but not with future quit plans.

Keywords

Public health ethicssmokerssmoking cessationstigma
Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Smoking Cessation , Volume 15 , Issue 4 , December 2020 , pp. 189 - 197
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bayer, R., & Stuber, J. (2006). Tobacco control, stigma, and public health: Rethinking the relations. American Journal of Public Health, 96(1), 47–50.10.2105/AJPH.2005.071886CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bell, K., Salmon, A., Bowers, M., Bell, J., & McCullough, L. (2010). Smoking, stigma and tobacco ‘denormalization’: Further reflections on the use of stigma as a public health tool. A commentary on Social Science & Medicine's Stigma, Prejudice, Discrimination and Health special issue (67:3). Social Science & Medicine, 70(6), 795–799.10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.060CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown-Johnson, C. G., Catalado, J. K., & Orozo, N., Lisha, N. E., Hickman III, N. J., & Prochaska, J. J. (2015). Validity and reliability of the internalized stigma of smoking inventory: An exploration of shame, isolation, and discrimination in smokers with mental health diagnoses. The American Journal on Addictions, 24, 410–418.10.1111/ajad.12215CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown-Johnson, C. G., & Popova, L. (2016). Exploring smoking stigma, alternative tobacco product use, & quit attempts. Health Behavior and Policy Review, 3(1), 13–20.10.14485/HBPR.3.1.2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burris, S. (2008). Stigma, ethics and policy: A commentary on Bayer's ‘stigma and the ethics of public health: Not can we but should we’. Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 473–475.10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, S., & Freeman, B. (2008). Markers of the denormalisation of smoking and the tobacco industry. Tobacco Control, 17(1), 25–31.10.1136/tc.2007.021386CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapple, A., Ziebland, S., & McPherson, A. (2004). Stigma, shame, and blame experienced by patients with lung cancer: Qualitative study. British Medical Journal, 328(7454), 1470–1473.10.1136/bmj.38111.639734.7CCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erceg-Hurn, D. M., & Steed, L. G. (2011). Does exposure to cigarette health warnings elicit psychological reactance in smokers? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(1), 219–237.10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00710.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans-Polce, R. J., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Schomerus, G., & Evans-Lacko, S. E. (2015). The downside of tobacco control? Smoking and self-stigma: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 145, 26–34.10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.09.026CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Farrimond, H. R., & Joffe, H. (2006). Pollution, peril and poverty: A British study of the stigmatization of smokers. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 16(6), 481–491.10.1002/casp.896CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallopel, K., & Valette-Florence, P. (2002). Fear appeals in anti-tobacco campaigns: Cultural considerations, the role of fear, proposal for an action plan. In Zwick, R. & Ping, T. (Eds.), AP – Asia Pacific advances in consumer research, Volume 5 (pp. 274–279). Valdosta, GA: Association for Consumer Research.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. (1990). Stigma. Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Goldstein, J. (1991). The stigmatization of smokers – an empirical investigation. Journal of Drug Education, 21(2), 167–182.10.2190/Y71P-KXVJ-LR9H-H1MGCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guarneri, J. A., Oberleitner, D. E., & Connolly, S. (2019). Perceived stigma and self-stigma in college students: A literature review and implications for practice and research. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 41(1), 48–62.10.1080/01973533.2018.1550723CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammond, D., Fong, G. T., Zanna, M. P., Thrasher, J. F., & Borland, R. (2006). Tobacco denormalization and industry beliefs among smokers from four countries. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 31(3), 225–232.10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hastings, G., & MacFadyen, L. (2002). The limitations of fear messages. Tobacco Control, 11(1), 73–75.10.1136/tc.11.1.73CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hellevik, O. (2015). Extreme nonresponse and response bias. Quality & Quantity, 50(5), 1969–1991.10.1007/s11135-015-0246-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helweg-Larsen, M., Sorgen, L. J., & Pisinger, C. (2019). Does it help smokers if we stigmatize them? A test of the stigma-induced identity threat model among U.S. and Danish smokers. Social Cognition, 37(3), 294–313.10.1521/soco.2019.37.3.294CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S. H., & Shanahan, J. (2003). Stigmatizing smokers: Public sentiment toward cigarette smoking and its relationship to smoking behaviors. Journal of Health Communication, 8(4), 343–367.10.1080/10810730305723CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, J., Xiaoxia, C., & Meczkowski, E. (2018). Does stigmatization motivate people to quit smoking? Examining the effect of stigmatizing anti-smoking campaigns on cessation intention. Health Communication, 33(6), 681–689.10.1080/10410236.2017.1299275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lozano, P., Thrasher, J. F., Forthofer, M., Hardin, J., Myriam Reynales Shigematsu, L., & Arillo-Santillán, E., & Fleischer, N. L. (2020). Smoking-related stigma: A public health tool or a damaging force? Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(1), 96–103.10.1093/ntr/nty151CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, M. (2016). Exploring smokers’ opposition to proposed tobacco control strategies. Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 33(4), 321-334.10.1515/nsad-2016-0027CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lund, M., Lund, K. E., & Halkjelsvik, T. (2014). Contrasting smokers’ and snus users’ perceptions of personal tobacco behavior in Norway. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16(12), 1577-1585.10.1093/ntr/ntu109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machado, N. M., Richter, K. P., Formagini, T. D. B., & Ronzani, T. M. (2018). A qualitative review of tobacco research related to public and structural stigma. Stigma and Health, 3(4), 395–405.10.1037/sah0000110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCready, G., Glenn, N. M., & Frohlich, K. L. (2019). ‘Don't smoke in public, you look like trash’: An exploratory study about women's experiences of smoking-related stigmatisation and the connection to neighbourhood-level deprivation. Health & Place, 58, Article 102142, 1-7.10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Connor, R. J., Rees, W. V., Rivard, C., Hatsukami, D. K., & Cummings, K. M. (2017). Internalized smoking stigma in relation to quit intentions, quit attempts, and current e-cigarette use. Substance Abuse, 38(3), 330–336.10.1080/08897077.2017.1326999CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peretti-Watel, P., Legleye, S., Guignard, R., & Beck, F. (2014). Cigarette smoking as a stigma: Evidence from France. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25(2), 282–290.10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.08.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poland, B. D., Frohlich, K., & Haines, R. J. (2006). The social context of smoking: The next frontier in tobacco control? Tobacco Control, 15(1), 59–63.10.1136/tc.2004.009886CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritchie, D., Amos, A., & Martin, C. (2010). ‘But it just has that sort of feel about it, a leper’ – stigma, smoke-free legislation and public health. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12(6), 622–629.10.1093/ntr/ntq058CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stuber, J., Galea, S., & Link, B. G. (2008). Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status. Social Science & Medicine, 67(3), 420–430.10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stuber, J., Galea, S., & Link, B. G. (2009). Stigma and smoking: The consequences of our good intentions. Social Service Review, 83(4), 585–609.10.1086/650349CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweeney-Magee, M., Kale, D., Hamill, A., & Gilbert, H. (2016). ‘I sat filling in this form while smoking and it was divine’. An analysis of free-text comments from smokers who report they have no intention of quitting in the next six months. Journal of Smoking Cessation, 11(4), 219–228.10.1017/jsc.2014.29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiente, R., Escobar, F., Pearce, J., Bilal, U., Franco, M., & Sureda, X. (2020). Mapping the visibility of smokers across a large capital city. Environmental Research, 180, January 2020, Article 108888, 1-8.10.1016/j.envres.2019.108888CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Voigt, K. (2010). Smoking and social justice. Public Health Ethics, 3(2), 91–106.10.1093/phe/phq006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. (2012). Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. The Stata Journal, 12(2), 308–331.10.1177/1536867X1201200209CrossRefGoogle Scholar