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Sex-Related Differences in Emotion Recognition in Multi-concussed Athletes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2016

Edith Léveillé ,
Samuel Guay ,
Caroline Blais ,
Peter Scherzer  and
Louis De Beaumont
Edith Léveillé
Affiliation:
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Samuel Guay
Affiliation:
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
Caroline Blais
Affiliation:
Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada
Peter Scherzer
Affiliation:
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
Louis De Beaumont*
Affiliation:
Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Louis De Beaumont, Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 5000, Trois-Rivières (Québec) Canada, G9A 5H7. E-mail: louis.debeaumont@uqtr.ca
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Abstract

Objectives: Concussion is defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain. Although the cumulative and long-term effects of multiple concussions are now well documented on cognitive and motor function, little is known about their effects on emotion recognition. Recent studies have suggested that concussion can result in emotional sequelae, particularly in females and multi-concussed athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in emotion recognition in asymptomatic male and female multi-concussed athletes. Methods: We tested 28 control athletes (15 males) and 22 multi-concussed athletes (10 males) more than a year since the last concussion. Participants completed the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, a neuropsychological test battery and a morphed emotion recognition task. Pictures of a male face expressing basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise) morphed with another emotion were randomly presented. After each face presentation, participants were asked to indicate the emotion expressed by the face. Results: Results revealed significant sex by group interactions in accuracy and intensity threshold for negative emotions, together with significant main effects of emotion and group. Conclusions: Male concussed athletes were significantly impaired in recognizing negative emotions and needed more emotional intensity to correctly identify these emotions, compared to same-sex controls. In contrast, female concussed athletes performed similarly to same-sex controls. These findings suggest that sex significantly modulates concussion effects on emotional facial expression recognition. (JINS, 2017, 23, 65–77)

Keywords

SportConcussionEmotional facial expressionGender differencesAnxietyDepression
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , January 2017 , pp. 65 - 77
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2016 

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