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Covert Orienting in Three Etiologies of Congenital Hydrocephalus: The Effect of Midbrain and Posterior Fossa Dysmorphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 February 2014

Amery Treble-Barna ,
Paulina A. Kulesz ,
Maureen Dennis  and
Jack M. Fletcher
Amery Treble-Barna*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas
Paulina A. Kulesz
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas
Maureen Dennis
Affiliation:
Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Jack M. Fletcher
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Amery Treble-Barna, Department of Psychology, University of Houston Texas Medical Center Annex, 2151 West Holcombe Boulevard, Suite 222, Houston, TX 77204-5053. E-mail: atreble@uh.edu
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Abstract

Covert orienting is related to the integrity of the midbrain, but the specificity of the relation is unclear. We compared covert orienting in three etiologies of congenital hydrocephalus (aqueductal stenosis [AS], Dandy-Walker malformation [DWM], and spina bifida myelomeningocele [SBM]—with and without tectal beaking) to explore the effects of midbrain and posterior fossa malformations. We hypothesized a stepwise order of group performance reflecting the degree of midbrain tectum dysmorphology. Performance on an exogenously cued covert orienting task was compared using repeated measures analysis of covariance, controlling for age. Individuals with SBM and tectal beaking demonstrated the greatest disengagement cost in the vertical plane, whereas individuals with AS performed as well as a typically developing (TD) group. Individuals with SBM but no tectal beaking and individuals with DWM showed greater disengagement costs in the vertical plane relative to the TD group, but better performance relative to the group with SBM and tectal beaking. Individuals with AS, DWM, and SBM and tectal beaking demonstrated poorer inhibition of return than TD individuals. Impairments in attentional disengagement in SBM are not attributable to the general effects of hydrocephalus, but are instead associated with specific midbrain anomalies that are part of the Chiari II malformation. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)

Keywords

Aqueductal stenosisAttentionDandy-Walker malformationHydrocephalusMidbrainSpina bifida myelomeningocele
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , March 2014 , pp. 268 - 277
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2014 

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