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Enhanced Recruitment During Executive Control Processing in Cognitively Preserved Patients With Pediatric-Onset MS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2019

Emily Barlow-Krelina ,
Gary R. Turner ,
Nadine Akbar ,
Brenda Banwell ,
Magdalena Lysenko ,
E. Ann Yeh ,
Sridar Narayanan ,
D. Louis Collins ,
Bérengère Aubert-Broche  and
Christine Till
Emily Barlow-Krelina*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
Gary R. Turner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
Nadine Akbar
Affiliation:
School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queens University, Kingston, Canada
Brenda Banwell
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Magdalena Lysenko
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
E. Ann Yeh
Affiliation:
Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
Sridar Narayanan
Affiliation:
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
D. Louis Collins
Affiliation:
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Bérengère Aubert-Broche
Affiliation:
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Christine Till
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Emily Barlow-Krelina, 130 BSB, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3. E-mail: embarlow@yorku.ca
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Abstract

Objectives: Youth and young adults with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) are vulnerable to executive dysfunction; however, some patients do not demonstrate functional deficits despite showing abnormalities on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitively intact adults with MS have shown enhanced activation patterns relative to healthy controls on working memory tasks. We aim to evaluate whether cognitively preserved pediatric-onset MS patients engage compensatory recruitment strategies to facilitate age-normative performance on a task of working memory. Methods: Twenty cognitively preserved patients (mean age=18.7±2.7 years; 15 female) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age=18.5±2.9 years; 15 female) underwent neuropsychological testing and 3.0 Tesla MRI, including structural and functional acquisitions. Patterns of activation during the Alphaspan task, a working memory paradigm with two levels of executive control demand, were examined via whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) analyses. Results: Across all participants, lower accuracy and greater activation of regions implicated in working memory were observed during the high demand condition. MS patients demonstrated 0.21 s longer response time than controls. ROI analyses revealed enhanced activation for pediatric-onset MS patients relative to controls in the right middle frontal, left paracingulate, right supramarginal, and left superior parietal gyri during the low executive demand condition, over and above differences in response time. MS patients also demonstrated heightened activation in the right supramarginal gyrus in the high executive demand condition. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that pediatric-onset MS patients may engage compensatory recruitment strategies during working memory processing. (JINS, 2019, 25, 432–442)

Keywords

AdolescentCognitionCognitive reserveExecutive functionNeuroimagingMultiple sclerosisWorking memoryYoung adult
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 25 , Issue 4 , April 2019 , pp. 432 - 442
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society, 2019. 

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