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Modality-Dependent or Modality-Independent Processing in Mental Arithmetic: Evidence From Unimpaired Auditory Multiplication for a Patient With Left Frontotemporal Stroke

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2017

Dazhi Cheng ,
Haiyan Wu ,
Li Yuan ,
Rui Xu ,
Qian Chen  and
Xinlin Zhou
Dazhi Cheng
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
Haiyan Wu
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Li Yuan
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Siegler Center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Rui Xu
Affiliation:
Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Qian Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
Xinlin Zhou*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Siegler Center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Xinlin Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; and Qian Chen, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China. Email: zhou_xinlin@bnu.edu.cn, chenqianxhl@163.com.
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Abstract

Objectives: Mental arithmetic is essential to daily life. Researchers have explored the mechanisms that underlie mental arithmetic. Whether mental arithmetic fact retrieval is dependent on surface modality or knowledge format is still highly debated. Chinese individuals typically use a procedure strategy for addition; and they typically use a rote verbal strategy for multiplication. This provides a way to examine the effect of surface modality on different arithmetic operations. Methods: We used a series of neuropsychological tests (i.e., general cognitive, language processing, numerical processing, addition, and multiplication in visual and auditory conditions) for a patient who had experienced a left frontotemporal stroke. Results: The patient had language production impairment; but preserved verbal processing concerning basic numerical abilities. Moreover, the patient had preserved multiplication in the auditory presentation rather than in the visual presentation. The patient suffered from impairments in an addition task, regardless of visual or auditory presentation. Conclusions: The findings suggest that mental multiplication could be characterized as a form of modality-dependent processing, which was accessed through auditory input. The learning strategy of multiplication table recitation could shape the verbal memory of multiplication leading to persistence of the auditory module. (JINS, 2017, 23, 692–699)

Keywords

Left hemisphereLanguageMathematicsMultiplicationNeuropsychological testsStroke
Type
Case Report
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 23 , Issue 8 , September 2017 , pp. 692 - 699
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2017 

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