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A New Spin on Spatial Cognition in ADHD: A Diffusion Model Decomposition of Mental Rotation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2020

Jason S. Feldman Open the ORCID record for Jason S. Feldman [Opens in a new window]  and
Cynthia Huang-Pollock
Jason S. Feldman*
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
Cynthia Huang-Pollock
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA
*
*Correspondence and reprint requests to: Jason S. Feldman, 140 Moore Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802, USA. E-mail: J.Feldman@psu.edu
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Abstract

Objectives:

Multiple studies have found evidence of task non-specific slow drift rate in ADHD, and slow drift rate has rapidly become one of the most visible cognitive hallmarks of the disorder. In this study, we use the diffusion model to determine whether atypicalities in visuospatial cognitive processing exist independently of slow drift rate.

Methods:

Eight- to twelve-year-old children with (n = 207) and without ADHD (n = 99) completed a 144-trial mental rotation task.

Results:

Performance of children with ADHD was less accurate and more variable than non-ADHD controls, but there were no group differences in mean response time. Drift rate was slower, but nondecision time was faster for children with ADHD. A Rotation × ADHD interaction for boundary separation was also found in which children with ADHD did not strategically adjust their response thresholds to the same degree as non-ADHD controls. However, the Rotation × ADHD interaction was not significant for nondecision time, which would have been the primary indicator of a specific deficit in mental rotation per se.

Conclusions:

Poorer performance on the mental rotation task was due to slow rate of evidence accumulation, as well as relative inflexibility in adjusting boundary separation, but not to impaired visuospatial processing specifically. We discuss the implications of these findings for future cognitive research in ADHD.

Keywords

ADHDDrift rateBoundary separationVisuospatial reasoningNeuropsychologyChildren
Type
Regular Research
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , May 2021 , pp. 472 - 483
Copyright
Copyright © INS. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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