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Prepulse Inhibition in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2013

Arpi Minassian ,
Brook L. Henry ,
Steven Paul Woods ,
Florin Vaida ,
Igor Grant ,
Mark A. Geyer ,
William Perry  and
The Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC) Group
Arpi Minassian*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), Veteran's Administration, San Diego, California
Brook L. Henry
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
Steven Paul Woods
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
Florin Vaida
Affiliation:
Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
Igor Grant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
Mark A. Geyer
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
William Perry
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to: Arpi Minassian, UCSD Department of Psychiatry, 200 West Arbor Drive, Mailcode 8620, San Diego, CA 92103-8620. E-mail: aminassian@ucsd.edu
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Abstract

Sensorimotor inhibition, or the ability to filter out excessive or irrelevant information, theoretically supports a variety of higher-level cognitive functions. Impaired inhibition may be associated with increased impulsive and risky behavior in everyday life. Individuals infected with HIV frequently show impairment on tests of neurocognitive function, but sensorimotor inhibition in this population has not been studied and may be a contributor to the profile of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Thirty-seven HIV-infected individuals (15 with HAND) and 48 non-infected comparison subjects were assessed for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an eyeblink startle paradigm measuring sensorimotor gating. Although HIV status alone was not associated with PPI deficits, HIV-positive participants meeting criteria for HAND showed impaired PPI compared to cognitively intact HIV-positive subjects. In HIV-positive subjects, PPI was correlated with working memory but was not associated with antiretroviral therapy or illness factors. In conclusion, sensorimotor disinhibition in HIV accompanies deficits in higher-order cognitive functions, although the causal direction of this relationship requires investigation. Subsequent research on the role of sensorimotor gating on decision-making and risk behaviors in HIV may be indicated. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)

Keywords

Sensorimotor gatingAIDS dementia complexCognitionStartleWorking memoryImpulsivity
Type
Research Articles
Information
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , July 2013 , pp. 709 - 717
Copyright
Copyright © The International Neuropsychological Society 2013 

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