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Broad-scale patterns of sex ratios in Patella spp.: a comparison of range edge and central range populations in the British Isles and Portugal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2015

C.D.G. Borges ,
C.P. Doncaster ,
M.A. Maclean  and
S.J. Hawkins
C.D.G. Borges*
Affiliation:
Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
C.P. Doncaster
Affiliation:
Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
M.A. Maclean
Affiliation:
Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
S.J. Hawkins
Affiliation:
Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Life Sciences Building 85, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, Waterfront Campus, European Way, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: C.D.G. Borges, CIIMAR-Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Costeira, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal email: debora.borges@ua.pt
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Abstract

Sex change, or sequential hermaphroditism, occurs in the plant and animal kingdoms and often determines a predominance of the first sex. Our aim was to explore changes in sex ratios within the range of the species studied: Patella vulgata and Patella depressa. The broad-scale survey of sex with size of limpets covered a range of latitudes from Zambujeira do Mar (southern Portugal) to the English Channel. Indirect evidence was found for the occurrence of protandry in P. vulgata populations from the south of England, with females predominating in larger size-classes; cumulative frequency distributions of males and females were different; sex ratios were biased towards males and smallest sizes of males were smaller than the smallest sizes of females. In contrast in Portugal females were found in most size-classes of P. vulgata. In P. depressa populations from the south coast of England and Portugal females were interspersed across most size-classes; size distributions of males and females and size at first maturity of males and females did not differ. P. depressa did, however, show some indications of the possibility of slight protandry occurring in Portugal. The test of sex ratio variation with latitude indicated that P. vulgata sex ratios might be involved in determining the species range limit, particularly at the equatorward limit since the likelihood of being male decreased from the south coast of England to southern Portugal. Thus at the southern range limit, sperm could be in short supply due to scarcity of males contributing to an Allee effect.

Keywords

limpetsprotandryrange distributionsex changesex ratio
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 95 , Issue 6 , September 2015 , pp. 1141 - 1153
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2015 

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