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Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. in Neotropical river otters (Lontra longicaudis) and giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in northern Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 October 2017

João Carlos Gomes Borges ,
Danielle Dos Santos Lima ,
Beatriz Mafalda Calera ,
Miriam Marmontel ,
Edson Moura Da Silva ,
André Lucas De Oliveira Moreira  and
Leucio Câmara Alves
João Carlos Gomes Borges*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos, Avenida 17 de Agosto, 2001, Casa Forte, CEP: 52.061-540, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, CEP: 69.553-225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
Danielle Dos Santos Lima
Affiliation:
Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, CEP: 69.553-225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
Beatriz Mafalda Calera
Affiliation:
Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, CEP: 69.553-225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
Miriam Marmontel
Affiliation:
Grupo de Pesquisa em Mamíferos Aquáticos Amazônicos, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Estrada do Bexiga, 2584, Fonte Boa, CEP: 69.553-225, Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil
Edson Moura Da Silva
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
André Lucas De Oliveira Moreira
Affiliation:
Fundação Mamíferos Aquáticos, Avenida 17 de Agosto, 2001, Casa Forte, CEP: 52.061-540, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Leucio Câmara Alves
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: J.C.G. Borges, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Tropical, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52.171-900, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil email: jcgborges@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Evaluating the occurrence of diseases in aquatic mustelids is a priority in the conservation strategies for the Neotropical river otter and giant otter. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of infection caused by Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. in both host species in northern Brazil. The collection of biological samples was carried out in the states of Amapá, Amazonas, Pará and Rondônia, totalling 337 faecal samples of these species, which were processed using Kinyoun's technique for the identification of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, and centrifugal flotation in zinc sulphate solution for visualization of Giardia sp. cysts. All samples were also tested by direct immunofluorescence. The frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium spp. was higher than Giardia sp., in the two otter species. In the analysed samples co-infection by both protozoa was also found in 4.47% (14/313) of Neotropical river otter and 20.83% (5/24) of giant otter samples. Oocysts and cysts of Cryptosporidium and Giardia, respectively, may remain infectious within specific environmental conditions for long periods of time. The current identification of Neotropical and giant otters as hosts of these protozoa increases the possibility of infection in this species and the transmission of those agents to other aquatic and terrestrial organisms, as well as to human populations. The findings of this study represent the first description of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia sp. affecting Lontra longicaudis and Pteronura brasiliensis.

Keywords

parasitesprotozoadiseaseszoonosisdiagnosticscoccidianaquatic mammalsMustelidaeAmazon biomeconservation
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 98 , Special Issue 8: Special Section: European Marine Biology Symposium Papers 2018 , December 2018 , pp. 2153 - 2157
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2017 

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