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Distance–decay patterns differ between canopy and ground ant assemblages in a tropical rainforest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2021

Reuber Antoniazzi Open the ORCID record for Reuber Antoniazzi [Opens in a new window] ,
Arleu B. Viana-Junior ,
Jaime Pelayo-Martínez ,
Liliana Ortiz-Lozada ,
Frederico S. Neves ,
Maurice Leponce  and
Wesley Dáttilo
Reuber Antoniazzi*
Affiliation:
Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Arleu B. Viana-Junior
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Evolução, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil
Jaime Pelayo-Martínez
Affiliation:
Servicios Especializados en Estudios Integrales Ambientales, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Liliana Ortiz-Lozada
Affiliation:
Servicios Especializados en Estudios Integrales Ambientales, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Frederico S. Neves
Affiliation:
Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Maurice Leponce
Affiliation:
Biodiversity Monitoring & Assessment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Wesley Dáttilo*
Affiliation:
Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
*
Author for correspondence: *Reuber Antoniazzi and Wesley Dáttilo, Email: reuberjunior@gmail.com; Wesley Dáttilo, Email: wesley.dattilo@inecol.mx
Author for correspondence: *Reuber Antoniazzi and Wesley Dáttilo, Email: reuberjunior@gmail.com; Wesley Dáttilo, Email: wesley.dattilo@inecol.mx
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Abstract

Both decreases in compositional similarity with increasing geographic distances between sites (i.e. distance–decay relationship) and vertical stratification of species composition are key issues in ecology. However, the intersection between these two trends has scarcely been investigated. Here we use identical sampling methods in the canopy and at ground level in a tropical rainforest remnant on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico to evaluate, for the first time, a distance–decay relationship within vertical strata in insect assemblages. We found that the ant assemblage was vertically stratified; ant species richness was higher at ground level than in the canopy, and the species composition differed between the two vertical strata. Moreover, we observed that β-diversity increased with geographic distance at ground level, but not in the canopy strata. However, contrary to our prediction, there was less species turnover (lower β-diversity) between vertical strata than between trees. These findings may reflect differences in the dispersal capacity and nest habit of ants from each vertical stratum, and also habitat heterogeneity on the horizontal scale, e.g. the species of sampled trees. Our results illustrate the importance of sampling more than one vertical stratum to understand the spatial distribution patterns of biological diversity in tropical rainforests.

Keywords

ant diversityarboreal antsbeta diversityhabitat-niche partitioningvertical stratificationspatial distribution
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , September 2020 , pp. 234 - 242
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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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