Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T16:21:48.620Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vínculo social, juventud y trasgresión normativa: Aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos en el estudio de la cohesión social en América Latina

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2022

Margarita Palacios  and
Rodrigo Cordero
Margarita Palacios
Affiliation:
University of London
Rodrigo Cordero
Affiliation:
Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago de Chile
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Resumen

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

El propósito de este artículo es contribuir al debate acerca de la cohesión social en América Latina a través de una propuesta conceptual y metodológica para su estudio. En particular proponemos la noción de trasgresión normativa como modo de entender la solidez-debilidad del vínculo social. A partir de los resultados de un estudio piloto realizado en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, pudimos constatar que los niveles de trasgresión son generalmente bajos, lo que manifiesta la adhesión a los mecanismos sancionados como legítimos para participar en la sociedad. No obstante, los resultados reflejaron también la existencia de un grupo significativo de jóvenes que transgrede no sólo algunas sino que la mayoría de las reglas que rigen el comportamiento esperable en diversas esferas de la vida social (tanto a nivel de la vida privada como pública). Más importante aún, los resultados de nuestro estudio sugieren que tal actitud o comportamiento transgresor está relacionado con el debilitamiento del vínculo social.

Abstract

Abstract

This article is intended to contribute to the debate about social cohesion in Latin America by means of a conceptual and methodological proposition. In particular, we propose the notion of normative transgression as a way of understanding the strength-weakness of the social bond. Making use of the results of a pilot study carried out in the city of Santiago, Chile, we were able to establish that levels of transgression are generally low, a finding that shows the adhesion to sanctioned mechanisms as legitimate in order to participate in society. Nevertheless, the results also reflected the existence of a significant group of young people who violate not only some but the majority of the rules that govern appropriate behavior in diverse spheres of social life, private as well as public. The results of our study suggest that such transgressor attitudes and behavior are related to a weakening of the social bond.

Type
Research Article
Information
Latin American Research Review , Volume 45 , Issue 2 , 2010 , pp. 140 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 by the Latin American Studies Association

References

Referencias

Alexander, Jeffrey 2003 The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, Ulrich, Giddens, Anthony y Lash, Scott 1994 Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Beck, Ulrich, y Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth 2002 Individualization: Instituitionalized Individualism and Its Social and Political Consequences. London: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benjamin, Jessica 1988 Bonds of Love: Psychoanalysis, Feminism, and the Problem of Domination. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Berger-Schmitt, Regina 2000 Social Cohesion as an Aspect of the Quality of Societies: Concept and Measurement. Eu-Reporting Working Paper No. 14, Centre for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA), Mannheim, Alemania.Google Scholar
Beyer, Harald 2003 “Education in Chile: Looking for a Better Institutional Design”. Cuadernos de Economía 40 (121): 539–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumer, Herbert 1969 Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Cardozo, Fernando Enrique y Falleto, Enzo 1979 Dependency and Development in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centeno, Miguel 2002 “The Centre Did Not Hold: War in Latin America and the Monopolisation of Violence”. En Studies in the Formation of the Nation-State in Latin America, editado por Dunkerley, J., 55–76. London: Institute of Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) 2007 Cohesión social: Inclusión y sentido de pertenencia en América Latina y el Caribe. Santiago: CEPAL.Google Scholar
Coleman, James 1988 “Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital”. American Journal of Sociology 94 (suppl.): 95–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dammert, Lucía, y Malone, Mary Fran 2003 “Fear of Crime or Fear of Life? Public Insecurities in Chile”. Bulletin of Latin American Research 22 (1): 79–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García-Canclini, Nestor 2005 Hybrid Cultures: Strategies for Entering and Leaving Modernity. Minnesota: University of Minnesota PressGoogle Scholar
Giddens, Anthony 1991 Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in Late Modern Age. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Grootaert, Christiaan 1998 Social Capital: The Missing Link? Working Paper No. 3, Social Capital Initiative, World Bank, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Grootaert, Christiaan, Narayan, Deepa, Jones, Veronica Nyhan y Woolcock, Michael 2004 Measuring Social Capital: An Integrated Questionnaire. World Bank Working Paper No. 18, Washington, D.C.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Honneth, Axel 2006 The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Polity.Google Scholar
Inglehart, Ronald 1990 Culture Shift in Advanced Industrial Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janoschka, Michael 2002 “El nuevo modelo de ciudad latinoamericana: Fragmentación y privatización”. EURE (Santiago) 28 (85): 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joas, Hans 1993 Pragmatism and Social Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Katzman, Ruben 2007 “La calidad de las relaciones sociales en las grandes ciudades de América Latina: Viejos y nuevos determinantes”. Pensamiento Iberoamericano 1:177–205.Google Scholar
Katzman, Ruben, y Wormald, Guillermo, eds. 2002 Trabajo y ciudadanía: Los cambiantes rostros de la integración y exclusión social en cuatro áreas metropolitanas de América Latina. Montevideo: Cebra.Google Scholar
Klein, Melanie 1975 The Collected Writings of Melanie Klein. Volume 1: Love, Guilt and Reparation, and Other Works 1921–1945. London: Hogarth Press.Google Scholar
Kliksberg, Bernarno, y Tomassini, Luciano, comp. 2000 Capital social y cultura: Claves estratégicas para el desarrollo. Buenos Aires: BID/ Fondo de Cultura Económica.Google Scholar
Koonings, Kees, y Kruijt, Dirk, eds. 2004 Armed Actors: Organized Violence and State Failure in Latin America. London: Zed Books.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lasch, Christopher 1991 Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations. London: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Lechner, Norbert 2002 “El capital social como problema cultural”. Revista Mexicana de Sociología 62 (2): 91–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lechner, Norbert 2005 “¿Cómo reconstruimos un nosotros?” Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Humano 15:1–22.Google Scholar
Maffesoli, Michel 1996 The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Mallon, Florencia 2002 “Decoding the Parchments of the Latin American Nation-State: Peru, Mexico and Chile in Comparative Perspective”. En Studies in the Formation of the Nation-State in Latin America, editado por Dunkerley, J., 13–53. London: Institute of Latin American Studies.Google Scholar
Mead, George Herbert 1977 On Social Psychology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Nancy, Jean-Luc 1991 The Inoperative Community. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo 1999 “Polyarchies and the (Un)Rule of Law in Latin America”. En The (Un)Rule of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America, editado por Méndez, J., O'Donnell, G. y Pinheiro, Paulo Sergio, 303–338. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo, Cullell, Jorge Vargas y Iazzetta, Osvaldo M., eds. 2004 The Quality of Democracy: Theory and Applications. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo 1998 Informe de Desarrollo Humano 1998: Las paradojas de la modernización. Santiago: PNUD.Google Scholar
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo 2002 Informe de Desarrollo Humano 2002: Nosotros los chilenos: Un desafío cultural. Santiago: PNUD.Google Scholar
Portes, Alejandro 1998 “Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Contemporary Sociology”. Annual Review of Sociology 24:1–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, y Landlot, Patricia 2000 “Social Capital: Promise and Pitfalls of Its Role in Development”. Journal of Latin American Studies 32:529–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, Alejandro, y Roberts, Bryan R. 2005 “The Free-Market City: Latin American Urbanization in the Years of the Neoliberal Experiment”. Studies in Comparative International Development 40 (1): 43–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Robert 1995a “Bowling Alone: Americas's Declining Social Capital”. Journal of Democracy 6 (1): 65–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, Robert 1995b “Tuning In, Tuning Out: The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America”. PS: Political Science & Politics 28 (4): 664–683.Google Scholar
Rotker, Susan 2002 Citizens of Fear: Urban Violence in Latin America. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University PressGoogle Scholar
Sorj, Bernardo, y Tironi, Eugenio 2007 “Cohesión social en América Latina: Un marco de investigación”. Pensamiento Iberoamericano 1:105–127.Google Scholar
Tironi, Eugenio 2004 “¿Es Chile un país moderno?” En Cuánto y cómo cambiamos los chilenos, editado por Tironi, E., 15–71. Santiago: INE, Comisión Bicentenário.Google Scholar
Tironi, Eugenio 2005 El sueño chileno: Comunidad, familia y nación en el bicentenário. Santiago: Taurus.Google Scholar
Fruhling, Hugo, Tulchin, Joseph S., y Golding, Heather A. 2003 Crime and Violence in Latin America: Citizen Security, Democracy, and the State. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.Google Scholar
Woolcock, Michael 1998 “Social Capital and Economic Development: Towards a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework”. Theory and Society 27 (2): 151–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worlmald, Guillermo, et al. 2003 “El impacto del nuevo modelo de orientación neoliberal sobre las oportunidades de integración social en el ámbito urbano: Chile 1980–2000”. Working Paper Series No. 2, Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar