Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:44:12.959Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

STATE OF THE ART:

The Duty to Obey the Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2004

William A. Edmundson
Affiliation:
Georgia State University College of Law

Extract

Philosophy, despite its typical attitude of detachment and abstraction, has for most of its long history been engaged with the practical and mundane-seeming question of whether there is a duty to obey the law. As Matthew Kramer has recently summarized: “For centuries, political and legal theorists have pondered whether each person is under a general obligation of obedience to the legal norms of the society wherein he or she lives. The obligation at issue in those theorists' discussions is usually taken to be prima-facie, comprehensively applicable, universally borne, and content-independent.” This essay is a commentary on the current state of discussion of this perennial philosophical topic.

Type
ARTICLES
Copyright
© 2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander Larry A. 1985Pursuing the Good—Indirectly.” Ethics 95: 315332.Google Scholar
Alexander Larry A, and Emily Sherwin. 2001 The Rule of Rules: Morality, Rules, and the Dilemmas of Law (Durham, NC: Duke University Press).
Anscombe G.E.M. 1958Modern Moral Philosophy.” Philosophy 33: 119.Google Scholar
Arneson Richard. 1982The Principle of Fairness and Free-Rider Problems.” Ethics 92: 624626.Google Scholar
Barnett Randy E. 2004 Restoring the Lost Constitution: The Presumption of Liberty (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Beran Harry. 1987 The Consent Theory of Political Obligation (London: Croom Helm).
Berman Mitchell. 2002The Normative Functions of Coercion Claims.” Legal Theory 8: 4589.Google Scholar
Boxill Bernard R. 1993On Some Criticisms of Consent Theory.” Journal of Social Philosophy 24: 81102.Google Scholar
Bratman Michael E. 1999Shared Intention and Mutual Obligation.” In Michael E. Bratman. Faces of Intention (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Carter Alan. 2001Presumptive Benefits and Political Obligation.” Journal of Applied Philosophy 18: 229243.Google Scholar
Coleman Jules. 1989On the Relationship between Law and Morality.” Ratio Juris 2: 6678.Google Scholar
Copp David. 1999The Idea of a Legitimate State.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 28: 345.Google Scholar
Copp David. 2002Social Unity and the Identity of Persons.” Journal of Political Philosophy 10: 365391.Google Scholar
Cushing Simon. 1999Rawls and “Duty-Based” Accounts of Political Obligation.” APA Newsletter on Philosophy and Law 99: 7177.Google Scholar
Cushing Simon. 2003Justification, Legitimacy and Social Embeddedness: Locke and Rawls on Society and the State.” Journal of Value Inquiry 37: 217231.Google Scholar
Dagger Richard. 1997 Civic Virtues, chap. 5 (New York: Oxford University Press).
Dan-Cohen Meir. 1984Decision Rules and Conduct Rules: On Acoustic Separation in Criminal Law.” Harvard Law Review 97: 625677.Google Scholar
Dancy Jonathan. 1993 Moral Reasons (Oxford: Blackwell).
Dancy Jonathan. 2000The Particularist's Progress.” In Brad Hooker and Margaret Olivia Little, eds., Moral Particularism, 130156 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Davis Michael. 2002 Actual Social Contract: A Philosopher's History through Locke (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press).
Doris John M. 1998Persons, Situations and Virtue Ethics.” Noûs 32: 504530.Google Scholar
Dunn John. 1980 Political Obligation in Its Historical Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Durning Patrick. 2003Political Legitimacy and the Duty to Obey the Law.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 33: 373390.Google Scholar
Dworkin Ronald. 1977 Taking Rights Seriously (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
Dworkin Ronald. 1986 Law's Empire (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press).
Edmundson William A. 1993Rethinking Exclusionary Reasons.” Law and Philosophy 12: 329343.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 1994Stephen Guest, Ronald Dworkin.” Ethics 104: 394396.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 1995Is Law Coercive?” Legal Theory 1: 81111.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 1998 Three Anarchical Fallacies: An Essay on Political Authority (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Edmundson William A. ed. 1999a The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
Edmundson William A. 1999bIntroduction,” in William A. Edmundson, ed., The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
Edmundson William A. 1999cIntroduction: Some Recent Work on Political Obligation.” APA Newsletter on Philosophy and Law 99: 6267.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 2002Social Meaning, Compliance Conditions, and Law's Claim to Authority.” Canadian Journal of Law and Jurisprudence 15: 5167.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 2003Locke and Load.” Law and Philosophy 22: 195216.Google Scholar
Edmundson William A. 2004 An Introduction to Rights (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Feinberg Joel. 1973 Social Philosophy (Eaglewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall).
Finnis John. 1980 Natural Law and Natural Rights (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Finnis John. 1984The Authority of Law in the Predicament of Contemporary Social Theory.” Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics, and Public Policy 1: 115137.Google Scholar
Finnis John. 1989Law as Co-ordination.” Ratio Juris 2: 97104.Google Scholar
Gans Chaim. 1992 Philosophical Anarchism and Political Disobedience (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Gardner John. 2001Legal Positivism: 51/2 Myths.” American Journal of Jurisprudence 46: 199227.Google Scholar
Gilbert Margaret. 1993Group Membership and Political Obligation.” The Monist 76: 119131.Google Scholar
Gilbert Margaret. 1999Reconsidering the ‘Actual Contract’ Theory of Political Obligation.” Ethics 109: 236260.Google Scholar
Green Leslie. 1988 The Authority of the State (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Green Leslie. 1989Associative Obligations and the State.” In Allan C. Hutchinson and Leslie J.M. Green, eds., Law and Community: The End of Individualism? 93118 (Toronto: Carswell, 1989).
Green Leslie. 1996Who Believes in Political Obligation?” In John T. Sanders and Jan Narveson, eds., For and against the State, 117 (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield). Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
Green Leslie. 2004Legal Obligation and Authority.” In Edward N. Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2004 edition), available at http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2004/entries/legal-obligation/.
Greenawalt Kent. 1987 Conflicts of Law and Morality (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Hardimon Michael. 1994Role Obligations.” Journal of Philosophy 91: 333363.Google Scholar
Hart H.L.A. 1955Are There Any Natural Rights?” Philosophical Review 64: 175191.Google Scholar
Higgins Ruth. 2004 The Moral Limits of Law: Obedience, Respect, and Legitimacy (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Himma Kenneth Einar. 1998Positivism, Naturalism, and the Obligation to Obey Law.” Southern Journal of Philosophy 36: 145161.Google Scholar
Hirschmann Nancy J. 1989Freedom, Recognition, and Obligation: A Feminist Approach to Political Theory.” American Political Science Review 83: 12271244. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Hirschmann Nancy J. 1996Rethinking Obligation for Feminism.” In Nancy J. Hirschmann and Christine Di Stefano, eds., Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory (Boulder, CO: Westview).
Honoré Tony. 1987 Making Law Bind (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Horton John. 1992 Political Obligation (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities).
Hurd Heidi. 1999 Moral Combat (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Hursthouse Roselind. 1999 On Virtue Ethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Jackson Frank, Philip Pettit, and Michael Smith. 2000Ethical Particularism and Patterns.” In Brad Hooker and Margaret Olivia Little, eds., Moral Particularism, 7999 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Jeske Diane. 1996Associative Obligations, Voluntarism, and Equality.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 77: 289309.Google Scholar
Jeske Diane. 1998Families, Friends, and Special Obligations.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 28: 527556.Google Scholar
Jeske Diane. 2001Special Relationships and the Problem of Political Obligations.” Social Theory and Practice 27: 1940.Google Scholar
Kagan Shelly. 1989 The Limits of Morality (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Kleingeld Pauline, and Eric Brown. 2002Cosmopolitanism.” In Edward N. Zalta, ed., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2002 edition), available at http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2002/entries/cosmopolitanism/.
Klosko George. 1987aThe Principle of Fairness and Political Obligation.” Ethics 97: 353362.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1987bPresumptive Benefit, Fairness, and Political Obligation.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 16: 241259. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1989Political Obligation and Gratitude.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 18: 352338.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1990aThe Obligation to Contribute to Discretionary Public Goods.” Political Studies 38: 196214.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1990bParfit's Moral Arithmetic and the Obligation to Obey the Law.” Canadian Journal of Philosophy 20: 191214.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1991Four Arguments against Political Obligation from Gratitude.” Public Affairs Quarterly 5: 3348.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 1992 The Principle of Fairness and Political Obligation (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield).
Klosko George. 1998Fixed Content of Political Obligation.” Political Studies 46: 5367.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 2003Samaritanism and Political Obligation: A Response to Christopher Wellman's ‘Liberal Theory of Political Obligation.’.” Ethics 113: 835840.Google Scholar
Klosko George. 2004Duties to Assist Others and Political Obligations.” Politics, Philosophy & Economics 3: 143159.Google Scholar
Klosko George. (Forthcoming)Multiple Principles of Political Obligation. Political Theory.
Kramer Matthew H. (Forthcoming)Moral and Legal Obligation.” In Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson, eds. The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (Oxford: Blackwell).
Ladenson Robert. 1972Legitimate Authority.” American Philosophical Quarterly 9: 335341.Google Scholar
Ladenson Robert. 1980In Defense of a Hobbesian Conception of Law.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 9: 134159.Google Scholar
Lamond Grant. 2001Coercion and the Nature of Law.” Legal Theory 7: 3558.Google Scholar
Lefkowitz David A. 2004Legitimate Political Authority and the Duty of Those Subject to It: A Critique of Edmundson.” Law and Philosophy 23: 399435.Google Scholar
Luban David. 1996The Publicity Principle.” In Robert E. Goodin, ed., The Theory of Institutional Design, 154198 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
MacIntyre Alasdair. 1984Is Patriotism a Virtue?” The Lindley Lecture, University of Kansas. Reprinted in Richard J. Arneson, ed., Liberalism, vol. III, 246263 (Aldershot, UK: Elgar, 1992).
MacMahon Christopher. 1987Authority and Autonomy.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 16: 315328.Google Scholar
Markwick P. 2000Law and Content-Independent Reasons.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 20: 579596.Google Scholar
Mason Andrew. 1997Special Obligations to Compatriots.” Ethics 107: 429437.Google Scholar
McConnell Terrance. 1993 Gratitude (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press).
Miller David. 1995 On Nationality (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Moore Michael S. 1989Authority, Law, and Razian Reasons.” Southern California Law Review 62: 827896.Google Scholar
Morris Christopher. 1998 An Essay on the Modern State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Murphy Jeffrie G. 1973Marxism and Retribution.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 2: 217243.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 1994Acceptance of Authority and the Requirement to Comply with Just Institutions: A Comment on Waldron.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 23: 271277.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 1995Philosophical Anarchism and Legal Indifference.” American Philosophical Quarterly 32: 163166.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 1997aSurrender of Judgment and the Consent Theory of Political Authority.” Law and Philosophy 16: 115143. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 1997bThe Conscience Principle.” Journal of Philosophical Research 22: 387407.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 1999Moral Legitimacy and Political Obligation.” APA Newsletter on Philosophy and Law 99: 7780.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. 2001Natural Law, Consent, and Political Obligation.” Social Philosophy & Policy 18: 7092.Google Scholar
Murphy Mark C. (Forthcoming)Natural Law Theory.” In Martin P. Golding and William A. Edmundson, eds. The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory (Oxford: Blackwell).
Murphy Mark C. (unpublished manuscript)Philosophical Anarchisms, Moral and Epistemological.”.
Nozick Robert. 1974 Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books).
Nussbaum Martha C. 2002 For Love of Country? (Boston: Beacon Press).
Oberdiek Hans. 1975The Role of Sanctions and Coercion in Understanding Law and Legal Systems.” American Journal of Jurisprudence 1975: 7194.Google Scholar
Ost F., and M. van de Kerchove. 2002 De la pyramide au réseau? Pour une théorie dialectique du droit (Brussels: Facultés universitaires Saint-Louis).
Rawls John. 1955Two Concepts of Rules.” Philosophical Review 64: 313.Google Scholar
Rawls John. 1964Legal Obligation and the Duty of Fair Play.” In Sidney Hook, ed., Law and Philosophy, 318 (New York: New York University Press).
Rawls John. 1969The Justification of Civil Disobedience.” In Hugo Bedau, ed., Civil Disobedience, 24055 (New York: Pegasus). Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
Rawls John. 1971 A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press).
Rawls John. 1993 Political Liberalism (New York: Columbia University Press).
Raz Joseph. 1979 Practical Reason and Norms (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Raz Joseph. 1984The Obligation to Obey: Revision and Tradition.” Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy 1: 139155. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Raz Joseph. 1985Authority and Justification.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 14: 329.Google Scholar
Raz Joseph. 1986 The Morality of Freedom (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Reiman Jeffrey H. 1972 In Defense of Political Philosophy (New York: Harper and Row).
Ross W.D. 1930 The Right and the Good (Oxford: Clarendon Press).
Sartorius Rolf. 1981Political Authority and Political Obligation.” Virginia Law Review 67: 317.Google Scholar
Scheffler Samuel. 1995Families, Nations, and Strangers.” The Lindley Lecture, Department of Philosophy, University of Kansas. Reprinted in Samuel Scheffler, Boundaries and Allegiances (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
Scheffler Samuel. 1997Relationships and Responsibilities.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 26: 189209. Reprinted in Samuel Scheffler, Boundaries and Allegiances (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Schmidtz David. 1990Justifying the State.” Ethics 101: 89102.Google Scholar
Shapiro Scott. 2002Authority.” In Jules Coleman, Scott Shapiro, and Kenneth Einar Himma, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Simmons A. John. 1979 Moral Principles and Political Obligations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Simmons A. John. 1987The Anarchist Position: A Reply to Klosko and Senor.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 16: 269279.Google Scholar
Simmons A. John. 1993 On the Edge of Anarchy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Simmons A. John. 1996aPhilosophical Anarchism.” In John T. Sanders and Jan Narveson, eds., For and against the State, 1939 (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield). Reprinted in Simmons, Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 102–121.
Simmons A. John. 1996bAssociative Political Obligations.” Ethics 106: 247273. Reprinted in Simmons, Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 65–92.Google Scholar
Simmons A. John. 2001a Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Simmons, A. John. 2001bFair Play and Political Obligation: Twenty Years Later.” In Simmons, Justification and Legitimacy: Essays on Rights and Obligations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
Simmons A. John. 2002Political Obligation and Authority.” In Robert L. Simon, ed., The Blackwell Guide to Social and Political Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell).
Slaughter Anne-Marie. 2004 A New World Order (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press).
Smith M.B.E. 1973Is There a Prima Facie Obligation to Obey the Law?” Yale Law Journal 82: 950976. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Soper Phillip. 1989Legal Theory and the Claim of Authority.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 18: 209237. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Soper Phillip. 1996Law's Normative Claims.” In Robert P. George, ed., The Autonomy of Law: Essays on Legal Positivism, 215247 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
Soper Phillip. 2002 The Ethics of Deference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
Stark Cynthia. 2000Hypothetical Consent and Justification.” Journal of Philosophy 97: 313334.Google Scholar
Tunick Mark. 2002The Moral Obligation to Obey Law.” Journal of Social Philosophy 33: 464482.Google Scholar
Tyler Tom R. 1990 Why People Obey the Law (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press).
Waldron Jeremy. 1993Special Ties and Natural Duties.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 22: 330. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Walker A.D.M. 1988Political Obligation and the Argument from Gratitude.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 17: 191211.Google Scholar
Walker A.D.M. 1989Obligations of Gratitude and Political Obligation.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 18: 359364.Google Scholar
Wasserstrom Richard A. 1963The Obligation to Obey the Law.” UCLA Law Review 10: 780807. Reprinted in Edmundson, The Duty to Obey the Law: Selected Philosophical Readings (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 1996Liberalism, Samaritanism, and Political Legitimacy.” Philosophy & Public Affairs 25: 211237.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 1997Associative Allegiances and Political Obligations.” Social Theory and Practice 23: 181204.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 1999Gratitude and Political Obligation.” APA Newsletter on Philosophy and Law 99: 7177.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 2000Relational Facts in Liberal Theory: Is There Magic in the Pronoun ‘My’?” Ethics 110: 537562.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 2001aToward a Liberal Theory of Political Obligation.” Ethics 111: 735759.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 2001bFriends, Compatriots, and Special Political Obligations.” Political Theory 29: 217236.Google Scholar
Wellman Christopher H. 2004Political Obligation and the Particularity Requirement.” Legal Theory. 10: 97115.Google Scholar
Wolff Jonathan. 1990–1991What Is the Problem of Political Obligation?” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 91: 153169.Google Scholar
Wolff Jonathan. 1995Political Obligation, Fairness, and Independence.” Ratio 8: 8799.Google Scholar
Wolff Robert Paul. 1971 In Defense of Anarchism (New York: Harper & Row).