Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T21:45:28.775Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Molecular and morphological data place Blarneya in Tylophoron (Arthoniaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2011

Damien ERTZ ,
Frank BUNGARTZ ,
Paul DIEDERICH  and
Leif TIBELL
Damien ERTZ
Affiliation:
National Botanic Garden, Department Bryophytes-Thallophytes (BT), Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium. Email: damien.ertz@br.fgov.be
Frank BUNGARTZ
Affiliation:
Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos; mailing address: Av. 6 de Diciembre N 36-109 y Pasaje California, caja postal 17-01-3891, Quito, Ecuador.
Paul DIEDERICH
Affiliation:
Musée national d'histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Leif TIBELL
Affiliation:
Department of Systematic Botany, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Based on morphological, anatomical, chemical, ecological and molecular evidence, Blarneya is synonymized here with Tylophoron. The molecular phylogeny derived from sequences obtained from sporodochia of Blarneya places this genus, described to accommodate an anamorphic lichen with white cushion-shaped sporodochia, within Tylophoron. This conclusion is further supported by the discovery of Tylophoron-type ascomata emerging directly from thalli with Blarneya-type sporodochia and producing identical hyaline conidia. In one specimen pycnidia were also observed. This represents a surprising variety of morphologically different conidiomata. A different anamorphic type was previously reported from Tylophoron, and this is confirmed here by molecular analysis for T. moderatum: besides thalli with ascomata this species has anamorphic thalli with an irregularly delimited brown sporodochial felt and brown conidia. Ascomata are not known from these entirely anamorphic thalli, whereas they do occur infrequently in Tylophoron species with Blarneya-type sporodochia. A key to all currently accepted species of Tylophoron is provided. In addition to the corticolous Tylophoron hibernicum, confined to humid forests, two saxicolous species with Blarneya-type sporodochia are described here as new: T. galapagoense, known only from Galapagos, differs from T. hibernicum by a thicker, more compact, beige rather than white, more strongly C+ red thallus, growing below sheltered rock overhangs in dry forests; T. stalactiticum has a C− thallus with stipitate, white, C+ red sporodochia; the species is known only from a single locality in Tenerife, on a large slope with volcanic boulders.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , July 2011 , pp. 345 - 356
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Chambers, S. P. & Purvis, O. W. (2009) Blarneya D. Hawksw., Coppins & P. James (1980). In The Lichens of Great Britain and Ireland (Smith, C. W., Aptroot, A., Coppins, B. J., Fletcher, A., Gilbert, O. L., James, P. W. & Wolseley, P. A., eds): 219–220. London: Natural History Museum Publications & British Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Etayo, J. (1989) Flora liquénica epífita del Robledal de Ibardin (Navarra, España). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 46: 323–332.Google Scholar
Etayo, J. (1992) Adiciones al catálogo de líquenes de la isla de Madeira (Portugal). Lazaroa 13: 179–181.Google Scholar
Etayo, J. (1998) Aportación a la flora liquénica de las Islas Canarias. IV. Líquenes epifitos de La Gomera (Islas Canarias). Tropical Bryology 14: 85–107.Google Scholar
Hawksworth, D. L., Coppins, B. J. & James, P. W. (1979) Blarneya, a lichenized hyphomycete from southern Ireland. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 79: 357–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumbsch, H. T., Lücking, R. & Tibell, L. (2009) Molecular data place Tylophoron as an additional calicioid genus in the Arthoniales (Ascomycota). Bibliotheca Lichenologica 99: 285–296.Google Scholar
Lutzoni, F., Kauff, F., Cox, J. C., McLaughlin, D., Celio, G., Dentinger, B., Padamsee, M., Hibbett, D., James, T. Y., Baloch, E. et al. (2004) Assembling the fungal tree of life: Progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits. American Journal of Botany 91: 1446–1480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maddison, D. & Maddison, W. (2002) MacClade version 4.03PPC: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Miądlikowska, J., McCune, B., Lutzoni, F. (2002) Pseudocyphellaria perpetua, a new lichen from Western North America. Bryologist 105: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orange, A., James, P. W. & White, F. J. (2001) Microchemical Methods for the Identification of Lichens. London: British Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Posada, D. & Crandall, K. A. (1998) MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 14: 817–818.Google ScholarPubMed
Rambaut, A. & Drummond, A. J. (2007) Tracer v1.5. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer.Google Scholar
Rehner, S. A. & Samuels, G. J. (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycological Research 98: 625–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swofford, D. L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Tibell, L. (1996) The anamorph of Tylophoron moderatum. Mycological Research 95: 290–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshimura, I., Yamamoto, Y., Nakano, T. & Finnie, J. (2002) Isolation and culture of lichen photobionts and mycobionts. In Protocols in Lichenology: Culturing, Biochemistry, Physiology and Use in Biomonitoring (Kranner, I., Beckett, R. P. & Varma, A. K., eds): 3–33. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zwickl, D. J. (2006) Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar