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Absence of anthraquinone pigments is paraphyletic and a phylogenetically unreliable character in the Teloschistaceae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2012

Jan VONDRÁK ,
Jaroslav ŠOUN ,
Olga VONDRÁKOVແ ,
Alan M. FRYDAY ,
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV  and
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV
Jan VONDRÁK
Affiliation:
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, Česke Budejovice, Czech Republic. Email: j.vondrak@seznam.cz
Jaroslav ŠOUN
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic.
Olga VONDRÁKOVແ
Affiliation:
Institute of Steppe(Urals Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences), Pionerskaya st. 11, Orenburg, RF-460000, Russia.
Alan M. FRYDAY
Affiliation:
Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA.
Alexander KHODOSOVTSEV
Affiliation:
Kherson State University, 40 Rokiv Zhovtnya str. 27, 73000 Kherson, Ukraine.
Evgeny A. DAVYDOV
Affiliation:
Altai State University, Lenin Ave. 61, Barnaul, RF-656049, Russia; Tigirek State Reserve, Nikitina, 111, Barnaul, RF-656043, Barnaul, Russia.
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Abstract

It has been suggested that the absence of anthraquinones is not a synapomorphic character, but appears independently in unrelated lineages of Teloschistaceae. We analyzed ITS nrDNA regions in species of the genus Caloplaca and present evidence for five such examples: the Caloplaca cerina group, C. obscurella, the C. servitiana group, the C. xerica group and the C. variabilis group (Pyrenodesmia). In some cases, loss of anthraquinones is observed only in individuals within ordinarily pigmented populations, but sometimes the loss covers whole lineages containing one or more species. Both situations are observed in the C. servitiana group. Loss of anthraquinones is always followed by the synthesis of ‘alternative’ pigments (often Sedifolia-grey). In the specimens with anthraquinone-containing apothecia studied, these pigments are not visible in apothecial sections after dissolving anthraquinones in K. Fully unpigmented apothecia have not been observed.

The Caloplaca xerica group is a newly established, infraspecific grouping of species related to, and similar to, C. xerica. The Caloplaca servitiana group is also newly established and represents an isolated lineage covering two rather different, but related species. Caloplaca neotaurica is described here as a new species with apothecia of two colour variants; orange-red (with anthraquinones) and grey (with Sedifolia-grey).

The genus Huea represents another taxon lacking anthraquinones within Teloschistaceae. The genera Apatoplaca and Cephalophysis, which lack anthraquinones, are tentatively placed in Teloschistaceae, but their phylogenetic identity has not been recognized. Hueidea is reported to have no anthraquinones, but its secondary metabolites should be studied further and its possible placement in Teloschistaceae assessed.

We suggest that Caloplaca abbreviata var. lecideoides and C. celata represent variants of C. stillicidiorum lacking anthraquinones.

Keywords

ApatoplacaCaloplaca neotauricaCephalophysisHueaHueidealichensphylogenytaxonomyUV-radiation
Type
Research Article
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 44 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 401 - 418
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2012

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