Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T06:01:07.916Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A revision of the Leptogium saturninum group in North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2016

Daphne F. STONE ,
James W. HINDS ,
Frances L. ANDERSON  and
James C. LENDEMER
Daphne F. STONE*
Affiliation:
30567 Le Bleu Rd, Eugene, OR 97405, USA
James W. HINDS
Affiliation:
School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, 5572 Deering Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
Frances L. ANDERSON
Affiliation:
273 Crouses’s Settlement Road, Upper LaHave, Nova Scotia, Canada B4V 0G4
James C. LENDEMER
Affiliation:
Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
*
Email: daphstone@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A revision of the North American members of the Leptogium saturninum group (i.e. species with long lower-surface hairs, isidia, and usually smooth upper surface) is presented based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data, together with an extensive morphological study. Three species supported by both molecular and morphological characteristics are recognized: L. acadiense sp. nov. (distinguished by granular saturninum-type isidia, medulla composed of irregularly arranged or perpendicular hyphae), L. cookii sp. nov. (distinguished by cylindrical saturninum-type isidia) and L. hirsutum (distinguished by hirsutum-type isidia and medulla composed of loosely intertwined hyphae). One species supported by morphological characteristics, but for which no molecular data could be generated, is also recognized: L. compactum sp. nov. (distinguished by hirsutum-type isidia and medulla composed of tightly packed hyphae). Finally, L. saturninum (distinguished by granular saturninum-type isidia and medulla composed of perpendicular and parallel hyphae) is supported by morphological characteristics but molecular data from geographically diverse populations, including those near the type locality, indicate that the morphologically defined species is paraphyletic. Leptogium burnetiae is excluded from North American based on morphological study of the type. The species are described and illustrated in detail, and are distinguished morphologically by their isidium development, morphology of mature isidia, and pattern of hyphae in the medulla in transverse sections near lobe margins. A key to the members of the L. saturninum group and related species is also presented.

Keywords

biogeographycryptic speciescyanolichensjelly lichensmacrolichenMallotium
Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 48 , Issue 5 , September 2016 , pp. 387 - 421
Copyright
© British Lichen Society, 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahti, T., Pino-Bodas, R. & Stenroos, S. (2015) Cladonia corymbescens consists of two species. Mycotaxon 130: 91–103.Google Scholar
Akaike, H. (1973) Information theory and an extension of the maximum likelihood principle. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Information Theory (B. N. Petrov & F. Csaki, eds): 267–281. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado.Google Scholar
Altermann, S., Leavitt, S. D., Goward, T., Nelsen, M. P. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2014) How do you solve a problem like Letharia? A new look at cryptic species in lichen-forming fungi using Bayesian clustering and SNPs from multilocus sequence data. PLoS ONE 9: e97556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, K.-D., Degawa, Y., Fujihara, E., Mikawa, T., Ohkuma, M. & Okada, G. (2012) Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear rRNA genes and the intron-exon structures of the nuSSU rRNA gene in Dictyocatenulata alba (anamorphic Ascomycota). Fungal Biology 116: 1134–1145.Google Scholar
Arup, U., Vondrák, J. & Halıcı, M. G. (2015) Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata, a new corticolous lichen (Teloschistaceae) in Europe, Turkey and Alaska. Lichenologist 47: 379–385.Google Scholar
Begerow, D., Nilsson, H., Unterseher, M. & Maier, W. (2010) Current state and perspectives of fungal DNA barcoding and rapid identification procedures. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 87: 99–108.Google Scholar
Boluda, C. G., Rico, V. J., Crespo, A., Divakar, P. K. & Hawksworth, D. L. (2015) Molecular sequence data from populations of Bryoria fuscescens s. lat. in the mountains of central Spain indicates a mismatch between haplotypes and chemotypes. Lichenologist 47: 279–286.Google Scholar
Brodo, I. M., Sharnoff, S. D. & Sharnoff, S. (2001) Lichens of North America. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Cornejo, C. & Scheidegger, C. (2015) Multi-gene phylogeny of the genus Lobaria: evidence of species-pair and allopatric cryptic speciation in East Asia. American Journal of Botany 102: 2058–2073.Google Scholar
Culberson, C. F. & Kristinsson, H. (1970) A standardized method for the identification of lichen products. Journal of Chromatography 46: 85–93.Google Scholar
Del-Prado, R., Cubas, P., Lumbsch, H. T., Divakar, P. K., Blanco, O., Amo de Paz, G., Molina, M. C. & Crespo, A. (2010) Genetic distances within and among species in monophyletic lineages of Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota) as a tool for taxon delimitation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56: 125–133.Google Scholar
Del-Prado, R., Divakar, P. K. & Crespo, A. (2011) Using genetic distances in addition to ITS molecular phylogeny to identify potential species in the Parmotrema reticulatum complex: a case study. Lichenologist 43: 569–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dey, J. P. (1976) Phytogeographic relationships of the fruticose and foliose lichens of the southern Appalachian Mountains. In The Distributional History of the Biota of the Southern Appalachians. Part IV. Algae and Fungi. Biogeography, Systematics, and Ecology (B. C. Parker & M. K. Roane, eds): 398–416. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press.Google Scholar
Dey, J. P. (1978) Fruticose and foliose lichens of the high-mountain areas of the southern Appalachians. Bryologist 81: 1–93.Google Scholar
Divakar, P. K., Leavitt, S. D., Molina, M. C., Del-Prado, R., Lumbsch, H. T. & Crespo, A. (2015) A DNA barcoding approach for identification of hidden diversity in Parmeliaceae (Ascomycota): Parmelia sensu stricto as a case study. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 21–29.Google Scholar
Dodge, C. W. (1964) Some lichens of tropical Africa. IV. Dermatocarpaceae to Pertusariaceae . Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 12: 1–282.Google Scholar
Elix, J. A., Blanco, O. & Crespo, A. (2010) Two segregates from Flavoparmelia rutidota sens. lat. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Australia. Australasian Lichenology 67: 10–13.Google Scholar
Esslinger, T. L. (2015) A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University: http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Version (#20) 19 April 2015), Fargo, North Dakota.Google Scholar
Gueidan, C. & Lendemer, J. C. (2015) Molecular data confirm morphological and ecological plasticity within the North American endemic lichen Willeya diffractella (Verrucariaceae). Systematic Botany 40: 369–375.Google Scholar
Harris, R. C. (2004) A preliminary list of the lichens of New York. Opuscula Philolichenum 1: 55–74.Google Scholar
Hinds, J. W. & Hinds, P. L. (2007) The Macrolichens of New England. Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden Press.Google Scholar
Hodkinson, B. P. & Lendemer, J. C. (2012) Phylogeny and taxonomy of an enigmatic sterile lichen. Systematic Botany 37: 835–844.Google Scholar
Huelsenbeck, J. P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, P. M. (1973) Über einige Leptogium-Arten vom Mallotium-Typ. Herzogia 2: 453–468.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, P. M. (2007) Collemataceae. In Nordic Lichen Flora, Volume 3. Cyanolichens (T. Ahti, P. M. Jørgensen, H. Kristinsson, R. Moberg, U. Søchting & G. Thor, eds): 14–42. Uppsala: Nordic Lichen Society.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, P. M. & Nash III, T. H. (2004) Leptogium . In Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. III (T. H. Nash III, B. D. Ryan, P. Diederich, C. Gries & F. Bungartz, eds): 330–350. Tempe, Arizona: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Kitaura, M. & Marcelli, M. (2013) A revision of Leptogium species with spherical-celled hairs (section Mallotium p.p.). Bryologist 116: 1–96.Google Scholar
Kraichak, E., Lücking, R., Aptroot, A., Beck, A., Dornes, P., John, V., Lendemer, J. C., Nelsen, M. P., Neuwirth, G., Nutakki, A. et al. (2015) Hidden diversity in the morphologically variable script lichen (Graphis scripta) complex (Ascomycota, Ostropales, Graphidaceae). Organisms Diversity & Evolution 15: 447–458.Google Scholar
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S. Y. W. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701.Google Scholar
Leavitt, S. D., Esslinger, T. L., Nelsen, M. P. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2013) Further species diversity in Neotropical Oropogon (Lecanoromycetes: Parmeliaceae) in Central America. Lichenologist 45: 553–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leavitt, S. D., Esslinger, T. L., Hansen, E. S., Divakar, P. K., Crespo, A., Loomis, B. F. & Lumbsch, H. T. (2014) DNA barcoding of brown Parmeliae (Parmeliaceae) species: a molecular approach for accurate specimen identification, emphasizing species in Greenland. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 14: 11–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lendemer, J. C. (2011) A taxonomic revision of the North American species of Lepraria s.l. that produce divaricatic acid, with notes on the type species of the genus L. incana . Mycologia 103: 1216–1229.Google Scholar
Lendemer, J. C. (2012) A tale of two species: molecular data reveal the chemotypes of Lepraria normandinoides (Stereocaulaceae) to be two sympatric species. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 139: 118–130.Google Scholar
Lendemer, J. C., Harris, R. C. & Tripp, E. A. (2013) The lichens and allied fungi of Great Smoky Mountains National Park: an annotated checklist with comprehensive keys. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 104: i–viii, 1–152.Google Scholar
Maddison, W. P. & Maddison, D. R. (2015) Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 3.02. http://mesquiteproject.org Google Scholar
Magain, N. & Sérusiaux, E. (2015) Dismantling the treasured flagship lichen Sticta fuliginosa (Peltigerales) into four species in Western Europe. Mycological Progress 14: 10.1007/s11557-015-1109-0.Google Scholar
McCune, B. & Geiser, L. (2009) Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. Second Edition. Corvallis, Oregon: Oregon State University Press.Google Scholar
McDonald, T., Miadlikowska, J. & Lutzoni, F. (2003) The lichen genus Sticta in the Great Smoky Mountains: a phylogenetic study of morphological, chemical, and molecular data. Bryologist 106: 61–79.Google Scholar
Medina, R., Francisco, L., Goffinet, B., Garilleti, R. & Mazimpaka, V. (2013) Unnoticed diversity within the disjunct moss Orthotrichum tenellum s.l. validated by morphological and molecular approaches. Taxon 62: 1133–1152.Google Scholar
Moncada, B., Lücking, R. & Suárez, A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Sticta (lichenized Ascomycota: Lobariaceae) in Colombia. Fungal Diversity 64: 205–231.Google Scholar
Muggia, L., Pérez-Ortega, S., Fryday, A., Spribille, T. & Grube, M. (2014) Global assessment of genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in the lichen-forming species Tephromela atra . Fungal Diversity 64: 233–251.Google Scholar
Nylander, J. A. A. (2004) MrModeltest 2. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden: Program distributed by the author.Google Scholar
Orange, A. (2014) Two new or misunderstood species related to Verrucaria praetermissa (Verrucariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota). Lichenologist 46: 605–615.Google Scholar
Otálora, M. A. G., Martínez, G. I., Molina, M. C., Aragón, G. & Lutzoni, F. (2008) Phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the Leptogium lichenoides group (Collemataceae, Ascomycota) in Europe. Taxon 57: 907–921.Google Scholar
Otálora, M. A. G., Aragón, G., Molina, M. C., Martínez, I. & Lutzoni, F. (2010 a) Disentangling the Collema-Leptogium complex through a molecular phylogenetic study of the Collemataceae (Peltigerales, lichen-forming Ascomycota). Mycologia 102: 279–290.Google Scholar
Otálora, M. A. G., Martínez, I., Aragón, G. & Molina, M. C. (2010 b) Phylogeography and divergence date estimates of a lichen species complex with a disjunct distribution pattern. American Journal of Botany 97: 216–223.Google Scholar
Otálora, M. A. G., Martínez, I. & Wedin, M. (2013) Cardinal characters on a slippery slope – a re-evaluation of phylogeny, character evolution, and evolutionary rates in the jelly lichens (Collemataceae s. str.). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68: 185–198.Google Scholar
Otálora, M. A. G., Jørgensen, P. M. & Wedin, M. (2014) A revised generic classification of the jelly lichens. Collemataceae. Fungal Diversity 64: 275–293.Google Scholar
Pérez-Ortega, S., Spribille, T., Palice, Z., Elix, J. A. & Printzen, C. (2010) A molecular phylogeny of the Lecanora varia group, including a new species from western North America. Mycological Progress 9: 523–535.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A. (2009) FigTree version 1.3.1. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/.Google Scholar
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M. A., Xie, D. & Drummond, J. (2013) Tracer version 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk /Tracer.Google Scholar
Sierk, H. A. (1964) The genus Leptogium in North America north of Mexico. Bryologist 67: 245–317.Google Scholar
Sohrabi, M., Stenroos, S., Högnabba, F., Nordin, A. & Owe-Larsson, B. (2011) Aspicilia rogeri sp. nov. (Megasporaceae) and other allied vagrant species in North America. Bryologist 114: 178–189.Google Scholar
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690.Google Scholar
Swofford, D. L. (2003) PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Vondrák, J., Šoun, J., Søgaard, M. Z., Søchting, U. & Arup, U. (2010) Caloplaca phlogina, a lichen with two facies; an example of intraspecific variability resulting in the description of a redundant species. Lichenologist 42: 685–692.Google Scholar
Wetmore, C. M. (1967) Lichens of the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Biology Series 3: 209–464.Google Scholar
White, T. J., Bruns, T. D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In PCR Protocols: a Guide to Methods and Applications (M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky & T. J. White, eds): 315–322. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Zoller, S., Scheidegger, C. & Sperisen, C. (1999) PCR primers for the amplification of mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal DNA of lichen forming ascomycetes. Lichenologist 31: 511–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar