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Reinclusion of Ciona intestinalis (Ascidiacea: Cionidae) in Brazil—a methodological view

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2009

Flávia de Oliveira Marins ,
Camila da Silva Oliveira ,
Nathalia Maria Vieira Maciel  and
Luís Felipe Skinner
Flávia de Oliveira Marins
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências (State University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Sciences). Rua Francisco Portela, 1470–Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil. 24435-005
Camila da Silva Oliveira
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências (State University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Sciences). Rua Francisco Portela, 1470–Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil. 24435-005
Nathalia Maria Vieira Maciel
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências (State University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Sciences). Rua Francisco Portela, 1470–Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil. 24435-005
Luís Felipe Skinner*
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências (State University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Sciences). Rua Francisco Portela, 1470–Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil. 24435-005
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: L.F. Skinner, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Ciências (State University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Sciences), Rua Francisco Portela, 1470–Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil. 24435-005 email: lskinner@uerj.br
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Abstract

The invasive ascidian Ciona intestinalis is irregularly and narrowly distributed in a few areas on the Brazilian coast. It was recorded in the States of Paraná, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. In the State of Rio de Janeiro, all records refer to the Guanabara Bay, a polluted environment that probably hosts other introduced species. Ciona intestinalis was last recorded in this bay in 1991. Given the absence of records since then, researchers concluded that it had been extinct there, and even from the Brazilian coast. During our experiment, conducted with predator exclusion and light attenuation, we collected some samples of C. intestinalis, which suggests that it has either been reintroduced in the Guanabara Bay or that its presence there is a consequence of predator exclusion. Ciona intestinalis was found inside boxes with low luminosity, whose openings were turned to the bottom and protected with a net for predator exclusion. This method was successfully used 17 years ago, when numerous species samples were detected. Our conclusion is that the irregular recording of C. intestinalis on the Brazilian coast, in both time and space, probably derives from inappropriate techniques and methods to sample or observe it on natural substrate. Replicating this methodology in other regions of Brazil and in other South American countries, especially in port areas, would show that the distribution of C. intestinalis is possibly broader than previously reported.

Keywords

predator exclusioninvasive speciesdistributionsampling methodsnon-indigenousCiona intestinalis
Type
Research Article
Information
Marine Biodiversity Records , Volume 2 , January 2009 , e112
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2009

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