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Cardiovascular Imaging Using Two-Photon Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2008

John A. Scherschel  and
Michael Rubart
John A. Scherschel
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
Michael Rubart*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: mrubartv@iupui.edu
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Abstract

Two-photon excitation microscopy has become the standard technique for high resolution deep tissue and intravital imaging. It provides intrinsic three-dimensional resolution in combination with increased penetration depth compared to single-photon confocal microscopy. This article will describe the basic physical principles of two-photon excitation and will review its multiple applications to cardiovascular imaging, including second harmonic generation and fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. In particular, the capability and limitations of multiphoton microscopy to assess functional heterogeneity on a cellular scale deep within intact, Langendorff-perfused hearts are demonstrated. It will also discuss the use of two-photon excitation-induced release of caged compounds for the study of intracellular calcium signaling and intercellular dye transfer.

Keywords

two-photon excitationlaser scanning microscopysecond harmonic generationcalcium imaging
Type
Multiphoton Microscopy–Special Section
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 14 , Issue 6 , December 2008 , pp. 492 - 506
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2008

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