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Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel

Part of: Micrographia Collection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 November 2018

Jéssica D. Theobaldo ,
Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior ,
Anderson Catelan ,
Maria do Carmo A. Mainardi ,
Orlando A. Ysnaga ,
Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho ,
Giselle Maria Marchi ,
Débora A. Lima  and
Flávio H. B. Aguiar
Jéssica D. Theobaldo
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Waldemir F. Vieira-Junior
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Anderson Catelan
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Maria do Carmo A. Mainardi
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Orlando A. Ysnaga
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Materials Inorganic Hybrids, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trab. São-carlense, 400, 13563-120São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Ubirajara P. Rodrigues-Filho
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry and Materials Inorganic Hybrids, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trab. São-carlense, 400, 13563-120São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Giselle Maria Marchi
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Débora A. Lima
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Flávio H. B. Aguiar*
Affiliation:
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, 13.414-903Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Flávio Henrique B. Aguiar, E-mail: aguiar@fop.unicamp.br
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Abstract

In this study, we sought to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoke and pH cycling on the chemical composition and surface/cross-sectional enamel microhardness. A total of 40 dental blocks obtained from bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10): no treatment (control); exposure to cigarette smoke (CS); exposure to pH cycling (PC); and exposure to cigarette smoke and pH cycling (CS-PC). The samples were analyzed by synchrotron radiation micro X-ray fluorescence, bench mode X-ray fluorescence, as well as surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) testing. The SMH results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. The CSMH results were evaluated using split-plot ANOVA and Tukey’s test. A high amount of Cd and Pb and traces of Ni and As were observed in enamel and dentin after exposure to cigarette smoke (CS and CS-PC). The SMH and CSMH of CS were statistically higher when compared with the control. The PC and CS-PC showed lower SMH and CSMH. We conclude that exposure to cigarette smoke promoted heavy metal deposition in enamel/dentin. In addition, it increased the enamel microhardness but did not promote a protective effect on the in vitro development of caries. The clinical significance of this work is that there is significant bioaccumulation of heavy metals from cigarette smoke on the surface and in the enamel and dentin.

Keywords

tobaccodental enameldental caries susceptibilityheavy metals
Type
Micrographia
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 24 , Issue 6 , December 2018 , pp. 762 - 767
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2018 

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Footnotes

Cite this article: Theobaldo JD, Vieira-Junior WF, Catelan A, Mainardi MdCA, Ysnaga OA, Rodrigues-Filho UP, Marchi GM, Lima DA and Aguiar FHB (2018) Effect of Heavy Metals Contamination from Cigarette Smoke on Sound and Caries-Like Enamel. Microsc Microanal. 24(6), 762–767. doi: 10.1017/S1431927618015404

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