Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:17:46.748Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Examination of Hard Segment and Soft Segment Phase Separation in Polyurethane Medical Materials by Electron Microscopy Techniques

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2005

Jennifer E. Taylor ,
Peter R. Laity ,
Steven S. Wong ,
Keith Norris ,
Peck Khunkamchoo ,
Martin Cable ,
Geoffrey Andrews ,
Anthony F. Johnson  and
Ruth E. Cameron
Jennifer E. Taylor
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
Peter R. Laity
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
Steven S. Wong
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Keith Norris
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Peck Khunkamchoo
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Martin Cable
Affiliation:
Ranier Technology Limited, Greenhouse Park Centre, Cambridge CB1 FAS, UK
Geoffrey Andrews
Affiliation:
Ranier Technology Limited, Greenhouse Park Centre, Cambridge CB1 FAS, UK
Anthony F. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Ruth E. Cameron
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
Get access

Abstract

A combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and in situ tensile testing in an environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was used to evaluate the static bulk and dynamic surface morphologies of medical polyurethanes. TEM results showed phase-separated hard segment and soft segment structures. Surface morphology as a function of strain was studied using ESEM in conjunction with a tensometer.

Keywords

TEMESEMpolyurethanemedicalstainingRuO4
Type
MATERIALS APPLICATIONS
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 12 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 151 - 155
Copyright
© 2006 Microscopy Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Cerda, K., Ravi-Chandar, K., & Mahadevan, L. (2002). Thin films: Wrinkling of an elastic sheet under tension. Nature 419, 579–580.Google Scholar
Chen, S., Cao, T., & Jin, Y.Z. (1987). Ruthenium tetroxide staining technique by transmission electron microscopy of segmented block copolyetherester. Poly Comm 28, 314–315.Google Scholar
Chou, T.M., Prayoonthong, P., Aitouchen, A., & Libera, M. (2002). Nanoscale artifacts in RuO4-stained Poly(styrene). Polymer 43, 2085–2088.Google Scholar
Kim, G., Han, C.C., Libera, M., & Jackson, C.L. (2001). Crystallization within melt ordered semicrystalline block copolymers: Exploring the coexistence of microphase separated and spherulitic morphologies. Macromol 34, 7336–7342.Google Scholar
Krakovský, I., Urakawa, H., & Kajiwara, K. (1997). Inhomogeneous structure of polyurethane networks based on poly(butadiene)diol: 2. Time-resolved SAXS study of the microphase separation. Polymer 38, 3645–3653.Google Scholar
Laity, P.R., Taylor, J.E., Wong, S.S., Khunkamchoo, P., Norris, K., Cable, M., Chohan, V., Andrews, G.T., Johnson, A.F., & Cameron, R.E. (2003). Mechanical deformation of polyurethanes. J Macromol Sci, Part B-Polymer Phys 43, 95–124.Google Scholar
Li, C. & Cooper, S.L. (1990). Direct observation of the micromorphology of polyether polyurethanes using high-voltage electron microscopy. Polymer 31, 3–7.Google Scholar
Loo, Y.L., Register, R.A., & Adamson, D.H. (2000). Direct imaging of polyethylene crystallites within block copolymer microdomains. J Polymer Sci, Part B-Polymer Phys 38, 2564–2570.Google Scholar
Martin, D.J., Meijs, G.F., Gunatillake, P.A., Yozghatlian, S.P., & Renwick, G.M. (1999). The influence of composition ratio on the morphology of biomedical polyurethanes. J Appl Polymer Sci 71, 937–952.Google Scholar
Pompe, G., Pohlers, A., Pötschke, P., & Pionteck, J. (1998). Influence of processing conditions on the multiphase structure of segmented polyurethane. Polymer 39, 5147–5150.Google Scholar
Quay, J.R., Sun, Z., Blackwell, J., Briber, R.M., & Thomas, E.L. (1990). The hard segment unit cell for MDI-BDO-based polyurethane elastomers. Polymer 31, 1003–1008.Google Scholar
Roche, E. & Thomas, E.L. (1981). Defocus electron microscopy of multiphase polymers: Use and misuse. Polymer 22, 333–341.Google Scholar
Rizzieri, R., Baker, F.S., & Donald, A. (2003). A study of large strain deformation and failure behaviour of mixed biopolymer gels via in situ ESEM. Polymer 44, 5927–5935.Google Scholar
Ryan, A.J., Willkomm, W.R., Bergstrom, T.B., Macosko, C.G., Koberstein, J.T., Yu, C.C., & Russell, T.P. (1991). Dynamics of (micro)phase separation during fast, bulk copolymerisation: Some synchrotron SAXS experiments. Macromol 24, 2883–2889.Google Scholar
Seymour, R.W. & Cooper, S.L. (1973). Thermal analysis of polyurethane block copolymers. Macromol 6, 48–53.Google Scholar