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Expression and Deposition of Fibrous Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cardiac Valves during Chick Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2010

Hong Tan ,
Lorain Junor ,
Robert L. Price ,
Russell A. Norris ,
Jay D. Potts  and
Richard L. Goodwin
Hong Tan
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Lorain Junor
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Robert L. Price
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Russell A. Norris
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Jay D. Potts
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Richard L. Goodwin*
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: Richard.Goodwin@uscmed.sc.edu
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Abstract

Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of cardiac valves. Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since heart valve defects contribute to most congenital heart diseases, understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various congenital valve anomalies. Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. Chick embryonic and fetal atrioventricular and semilunar valves were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous protein deposition is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from valvular endocardium, indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

Keywords

cardiac valve developmentspatiotemporal expressioncollagentenascinvalve morphologyannulus fibrosusmembrane protrusion
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , February 2011 , pp. 91 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2011

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