Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T17:20:44.841Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Preimaginal Phases and Development of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) on Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2009

José Tormos ,
Francisco Beitia ,
Elias A. Böckmann ,
Josep D. Asís  and
Severiano Fernández
José Tormos*
Affiliation:
Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071-Salamanca, Spain
Francisco Beitia
Affiliation:
Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Unidad Asociada de Entomología IVIA/CIB-CSIC, Apartado Oficial, 46113-Montcada, Valencia, Spain
Elias A. Böckmann
Affiliation:
Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071-Salamanca, Spain
Josep D. Asís
Affiliation:
Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071-Salamanca, Spain
Severiano Fernández
Affiliation:
Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37071-Salamanca, Spain
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: tormos@usal.es
Get access

Abstract

The development and morphology of the immature phases of Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani, 1875) (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) are described from a laboratory rearing culture maintained on Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera, Tephritidae) using microscopic techniques, including light and scanning electron microscopy. The surface of the chorion of the egg is granulated, and the micropyle occurs at the anterior end. The labrum of the first instar larva does not have sensilla, and the second to fourth instar larvae have setae on the head. The mature larva is characterized by the position and number of the integumental differentations (sensilla and setae). On completion of larval development, an adecticous and exarate pupa is produced. As for the adult, the mandibles of the pupae are toothed. Five larval instars are recorded, based on statistical analyses of the sizes of the larval mandibles in combination with characters such as the number of exuviae and excretion of the meconium. Developmental time from egg to adult emergence was ∼18–20 days for males and ∼21–23 days for females at 21–26°C, 55–85 relative humidity, and a 16L:8D photoperiod. The results show that the eggs and different larval instars of this parasitoid can be unambiguously identified only by scanning electron microscope.

Keywords

Pteromalidaeimmature phasesscanning electron microscopyTephritidaemanagement purposes
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 15 , Issue 5 , October 2009 , pp. 422 - 434
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bellows, T.S. & Van Driesche, R.G. (1999). Life table construction and analysis for evaluating biological control agents. In Handbook of Biological Control. Principles and Applications of Biological Control, Bellows, T.S. & Fisher, T.W. (Eds.), pp. 199–223. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cals-Usciati, J., Cals, P. & Pralavorio, R. (1985). Adaptations foctionelles des structures liées à la prise alimentaire chez la larva primaire de Trybliographa daci Weld (Hymenoptera, Cynipoidea) endoparasite de la Mouche des fruits Ceratitis capitata. C R Acad Sci III 300, 103–108.Google Scholar
Corey, S. & Reid, D.M. (1991). Comparative fecundity of decapod crustaceans. I. The fecundity of thirty tree species of nine families of caridean shrimps. Crustaceana 60, 270–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crandell, H. (1939). The biology of Pahycrepoideus dubius Ashmead (Hymenoptera). A pteromalid parasite of Piophila casei Linné (Diptera). Ann Entomol Soc Am 32, 632–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyar, H.G. (1890). The number of moults of lepidopterous larvae. Psyche 5, 420–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finlaysson, T. (1987). Ichneumonoidea. In Immature Insects, Stehr, F.W. (Ed.), pp. 649–664. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Geden, C.J. & Hogsette, J.A. (2006). Suppression of house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in Florida poultry houses by sustained releases of Muscidifurax raptorellus and Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Environ Entomol 35, 75–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerling, D. & Legner, E.F. (1968). Developmental history and reproduction of Spalangia cameroni parasite of synanthropic flies. Ann Entomol Soc Am 61, 1436–1443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grassberger, M. & Frank, C. (2003). Temperature-related development of the parasitoid wasp, Nasonia vitripennis as forensic indicator. Med Vet Entomol 17, 257–262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kawano, K. (2000). Genera and allometry in the stag beetle family Lucanidae, Coleoptera. Ann Entomol Soc Am 98, 747–753.Google Scholar
Llácer, E., Urbaneja, A., Garrido, A. & Jacas, J. (2005). Morphology and development of immature stages of Galleosomyia fausta (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 98, 747–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Löhr, B., Santos, B. & Varela, A.M. (1989). Larval development and morphometry of Epidinocarsis lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr. (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae). J Appl Entomol 107, 334–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manzoor, F. & Akhtar, M.S. (2006). Morphometirc analysis of population samples of soldier caste of Odontotermes obesus (Rambur) (Isoptera, Termitidae, Macrotermitinae). Anim Biodivers Conserv 29, 91–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muesebeck, C.F.W. & Parker, L. (1933). Hyposoter disparis Viereck, and introduced ichneumonid parasite of the gypsy moth. J Agric Res 46, 335–347.Google Scholar
Odebiyi, J.A. & Bokonon-Ganta, A.H. (1986). Biology of Epidinocarsis (=Apoanagyrus) lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) an exotic parasite of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) in Nigeria. Entomophaga 31, 251–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onagbola, E.O. & Fadamiro, H. (2008). Morphology and development of Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). BioControl 53, 737–750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Protecnet (2009). Comunidad Internet para protección Fito y Zoosanitaria costarricense. Available at http://www.protecnet.go.cr/general/boletin/pleglaboratorio/plectrllbiol.htm.Google Scholar
Quicke, D. (1997). Parasitic Wasps. London: Chapmann & Hall.Google Scholar
Rojas-Gómez, C.V. & Bonet, A. (2003). Life cycle and development of immature stages of Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877) (Hymenoptera, Chacidoidea: Pteromalidae). Folia Entomol Mex 42, 359–370.Google Scholar
Roskam, J.C. (1982). Larval characters of some eurytomid species (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea). Pk Ned Akad Wetensc 85, 293–305.Google Scholar
Simmonds, F.J. (1953). Parasites of the frit fly, Oscinella frit (L.) in eastern North America. B Entomol Res 43, 503–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steenberg, T., Skovgard, H. & Kalsbeek, A. (2001). Microbial and biological control of flies in stables. DJF Rapport, Markbrug 49, 91–94.Google Scholar
Thompson, S.N. (1986). Nutrition and in vitro culture of insect parasitoids. Annu Rev Entomol 31, 197–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tormos, J., Asís, J.D., Gayubo, S.F. & Martín, M.A. (2004). Descriptions of the Final instar of Eurytoma nodularis and E. heriadi (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Fla Entomol 87, 278–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tormos, J., Beitia, F., Böckman, E.A. & Asís, J.D. (2009). The preimaginal stages and development of Spalangia cameroni Perkins (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Micron 40, 646–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tormos, J., Frago, E., Selfa, J., Asís, J.D., Pujade, J. & Guara, M. (2007). Description of the final instar larva of Trichomalopsis peregrina (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), with data and comments on the preimaginal stages. Fla Entomol 90, 180–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tormos, J., Pardo, X., Jiménez, R., Asís, J.D. & Gayubo, S.F. (2003). Descriptions of adults, immature stages and venom apparatus of two new species of Dacnusini: Chorebus pseudoasphodeli sp. n., parasitic on Phytomyza chaerophili Kaltenbach and C. pseudoasramenes sp. n., parasitic on Cerodontha phragmitophila Hering (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Alysiinae; Diptera: Agromyzidae). Eur J Entomol 100, 393–400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tschinkel, W.R., Mikheyev, A.S. & Storz, S.R. (2003). Allometry of workers of the fire ant, Solenopsis invicta. J Insect Sci 3, 1–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wen, B., Weaver, D.K. & Brower, J.H. (1995). Size preference and sex ratio for Pteromalus cerealellae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in stored corn. Environ Entomol 24, 1160–1166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, J.E. (1986). Immature stages of Encyrtus saliens (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an important parasite of the ice plant scales (Homoptera: Coccidae) in California. Ann Entomol Soc Am 79, 273–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar