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Probabilistic Reconstruction of Austenite Microstructure from Electron Backscatter Diffraction Observations of Martensite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2021

Alexander Brust ,
Eric Payton ,
Toren Hobbs ,
Vikas Sinha ,
Victoria Yardley  and
Stephen Niezgoda
Alexander Brust*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Dayton, OH45433, USA UES, Inc., Beavercreek, OH45433, USA
Eric Payton
Affiliation:
Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Dayton, OH45433, USA
Toren Hobbs
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
Vikas Sinha
Affiliation:
Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Dayton, OH45433, USA UES, Inc., Beavercreek, OH45433, USA
Victoria Yardley
Affiliation:
Impression Technologies, Ltd., CoventryCV5 9PT, UK
Stephen Niezgoda
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH43210, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Alexander Brust, E-mail: brust.15@buckeyemail.osu.edu
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Abstract

The fine microstructure resulting from the martensitic transformation drives many of the desired mechanical properties for quench-and-temper steels. The scale of martensite features correlates with austenite grain size, such that finer austenite grains produce finer martensitic structures. Measuring prior austenite grain (PAG) size from observations of the hierarchical martensitic structure using etch-based techniques remains challenging, especially for fine-grained specimens with low C and P content. This has driven an interest in our field in reconstructing prior austenite microstructure from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data collected on tempered martensite. However, reliably reconstructing the data is not straightforward because (1) up to 24 variants can theoretically be observed from a single PAG; (2) the shear-induced plasticity that arises from martensite formation produces significant scatter in the pole figure; (3) there is inherent noise in Hough-indexed EBSD data; (4) annealing twins exist within many PAGs, producing martensite variants of similar orientations when compared with the parent grains; and (5) variation in austenite orientation can occur across a single PAG. To the author's knowledge, the majority of reconstruction algorithms published to date utilize either point-to-point or flood-fill approaches, which can produce artifacts due to the relatively high probability of adjacent EBSD observations falling within any reasonable tolerance angle with 24 variants in a parent and four annealing twin orientations. Therefore, we propose a probabilistic austenite reconstruction technique based on a clustering algorithm known as graph cutting. We demonstrate its application to steels and a binary ferrous alloy, then validate the results against chemical etching and retained austenite orientations. The graph cutting technique utilizes the misorientation distribution of martensitic variants and the potential austenite orientations for each observation, as estimated via Bayesian inference of the experimental orientation relationship and its scatter. It is found that this technique produces accurate reconstructions with identification of annealing twins in the PAGs, even in the presence of a large fraction of poorly indexed data points.

Keywords

microstructure characterizationferrous alloysmartensiteprobabilistic methods
Type
Materials Science Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 27 , Issue 5 , October 2021 , pp. 1035 - 1055
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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