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Single Particle Tracking Analysis of the Chloroplast Division Protein FtsZ Anchoring to the Inner Envelope Membrane

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2013

Carol B. Johnson ,
Leung K. Tang ,
Aaron G. Smith ,
Akshaya Ravichandran ,
Zhiping Luo ,
Stanislav Vitha  and
Andreas Holzenburg
Carol B. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
Leung K. Tang
Affiliation:
Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
Aaron G. Smith
Affiliation:
Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
Akshaya Ravichandran
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
Zhiping Luo
Affiliation:
Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA Department of Chemistry and Physics, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, NC 28301, USA
Stanislav Vitha
Affiliation:
Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA
Andreas Holzenburg*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA Department Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA Microscopy and Imaging Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2257, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: holzen@tamu.edu
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Abstract

Replication of chloroplast in plant cells is an essential process that requires co-assembly of the tubulin-like plastid division proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 at mid-chloroplast to form a ring structure called the Z-ring. The Z-ring is stabilized via its interaction with the transmembrane protein ARC6 on the inner envelope membrane of chloroplasts. Plants lacking ARC6 are defective in plastid division and contain only one or two enlarged chloroplasts per cell with abnormal localization of FtsZ: instead of a single Z-ring, many short FtsZ filaments are distributed throughout the chloroplast. ARC6 is thought to be the anchoring point for FtsZ assemblies. To investigate the role of ARC6 in FtsZ anchoring, the mobility of green fluorescent protein–tagged FtsZ assemblies was assessed by single particle tracking in mutant plants lacking the ARC6 protein. Mean square displacement analysis showed that the mobility of FtsZ assemblies is to a large extent characterized by anomalous diffusion behavior (indicative of intermittent binding) and restricted diffusion suggesting that besides ARC6-mediated anchoring, an additional FtsZ-anchoring mechanism is present in chloroplasts.

Keywords

ARC6FtsZ anchoringchloroplast divisionArabidopsis thalianaparticle trackinganomalous diffusion
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , June 2013 , pp. 507 - 512
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

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Footnotes

†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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