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Structure and Growth of Sialoliths: Computed Microtomography and Electron Microscopy Investigation of 30 Specimens

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 September 2013

Pedro Nolasco ,
Ana J. Anjos ,
João M. Aquino Marques ,
Fernando Cabrita ,
Eduardo Carreiro da Costa ,
António Maurício ,
Manuel F.C. Pereira ,
António P. Alves de Matos  and
Patricia A. Carvalho
Pedro Nolasco*
Affiliation:
ICEMS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Ana J. Anjos
Affiliation:
Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
João M. Aquino Marques
Affiliation:
Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Lisbon, Cidade Universitária, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
Fernando Cabrita
Affiliation:
Service of Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital S. José, R. José António Serrano, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal
Eduardo Carreiro da Costa
Affiliation:
Service of Maxillofacial Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital S. José, R. José António Serrano, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal
António Maurício
Affiliation:
CEGPIST/CERENA, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Manuel F.C. Pereira
Affiliation:
CEGPIST/CERENA, Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Georesources, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
António P. Alves de Matos
Affiliation:
Department of Pathological Anatomy, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, Hospital Curry Cabral, R. da Beneficência, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
Patricia A. Carvalho
Affiliation:
ICEMS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: pedro.nolasco@ist.utl.pt
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Abstract

Theories have been put forward on the etiology of sialoliths; however, a comprehensive understanding of their growth mechanisms is lacking. In an attempt to fill this gap, the current study has evaluated the internal architecture and growth patterns of a set of 30 independent specimens of sialoliths characterized at different scales by computed microtomography and electron microscopy. Tomography reconstructions showed cores in most of the sialoliths. The cores were surrounded by concentric or irregular patterns with variable degrees of mineralization. Regardless of the patterns, at finer scales the sialoliths consisted of banded and globular structures. The distribution of precipitates in the banded structures is compatible with a Liesegang–Ostwald phenomenon. On the other hand, the globular structures appear to arise from surface tension effects and to develop self-similar features as a result of a viscous fingering process. Electron diffraction patterns demonstrated that Ca- and P-based electrolytes crystallize in a structure close to that of hydroxyapatite. The organic matter contained sulfur with apparent origin from sulfated components of secretory material. These results cast new light on the mechanisms involved in the formation of sialoliths.

Keywords

salivary gland diseasesialolithcalculisulfurLiesegang–Ostwald phenomenonglobular structuresviscous fingering processfractal analysis
Type
Portuguese Society for Microscopy
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 19 , Issue 5 , October 2013 , pp. 1190 - 1203
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2013 

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