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Ultracellular Imaging of Bronchoalveolar Lavage from Young COVID-19 Patients with Comorbidities Showed Greater SARS-COV-2 Infection but Lesser Ultrastructural Damage Than the Older Patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 September 2022

Shikha Chaudhary ,
Preeti Rai ,
Arti Joshi ,
Pooja Yadav ,
Kishore Sesham ,
Shailendra Kumar ,
Asit Ranjan Mridha ,
Upendra Baitha ,
Tapas Chandra Nag  and
Kapil Dev Soni
...Show all authors
Shikha Chaudhary
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Preeti Rai
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Arti Joshi
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Pooja Yadav
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Kishore Sesham
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Shailendra Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Asit Ranjan Mridha
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Upendra Baitha
Affiliation:
Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Tapas Chandra Nag
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Kapil Dev Soni
Affiliation:
Anaesthesia and Critical Care, JPN Apex Trauma Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Anjan Trikha
Affiliation:
Department of Anaesthesiology, Pain Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
Subhash Chandra Yadav*
Affiliation:
Electron Microscope Facility, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi 110029, India
*
*Corresponding author: Subhash Chandra Yadav, E-mail: subhashmbu@gmail.com
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Abstract

In this study, we examined the cellular infectivity and ultrastructural changes due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the various cells of bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) from intubated patients of different age groups (≥60 years and <60 years) and with common comorbidities such as diabetes, liver and kidney diseases, and malignancies. BALF of 79 patients (38 cases >60 and 41 cases <60 years) were studied by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructural changes in the ciliated epithelium, type II pneumocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and anucleated granulocytes. This study demonstrated relatively a greater infection and better preservation of subcellular structures in these cells from BALF of younger patients (<60 years compared with the older patients (≥60 years). The different cells of BALF from the patients without comorbidities showed higher viral load compared with the patients with comorbidities. Diabetic patients showed maximum ultrastructural damage in BALF cells in the comorbid group. This study highlights the comparative effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the different airway and inflammatory cells of BALF at the subcellular levels among older and younger patients and in patients with comorbid conditions.

Keywords

acute respiratory distress syndromeelectron microscopymacrophageneutrophilSARS-CoV-2
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 6 , December 2022 , pp. 2105 - 2129
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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