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Mineralogical controls on metal distribution in stream sediment derived from the Caledonides of the Scottish Southern Uplands and English Lake District

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 July 2018

P. Stone ,
N. Breward  and
R. J. Merriman
P. Stone*
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, UK
N. Breward
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
R. J. Merriman
Affiliation:
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK
*
E-mail: psto@bgs.ac.uk
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Abstract

Stream sediment geochemistry provides an innovative method of assessing the basinal history of the Caledonian slate belts. Despite glaciation, the stream sediment geochemical patterns spatially mimic the outcrop of underlying bedrock lithologies. However, erosion from rock to sediment by fluvial processes may either increase or reduce an element’s abundance depending on the nature of its mineral host. An element held in heavy, resistate minerals will be concentrated, whereas one residing in unstable ferromagnesian minerals, which readily break down to clays during weathering, may be preferentially removed. Examples are provided from the Cr-Ni-V-Mg, base metal and Rb-Sr element suites. Primary and secondary bedrock patterns are recognized in the stream sediments. Primary patterns follow the original composition of the source bedrock, with steep gradients in the element distribution coinciding with lithostratigraphical boundaries. Such patterns also reveal subtle divisions within the established geological units for which the main compositional control was the nature of the ancient sedimentary provenance. Secondary patterns reflect remobilization of elements within the bedrock and so may cut across lithostratigraphical boundaries. These patterns (or their absence) are influenced by the thermal histories of the Caledonian basins, and so are indicative of the geotectonic regime in which the sedimentary sequences were originally deposited.

Keywords

stream sediment geochemistryCaledonian geologySouthern UplandsScotlandLake DistrictEnglandsedimentary provenancebasin thermal history.
Type
Research Article
Information
Mineralogical Magazine , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , April 2003 , pp. 325 - 338
Copyright
Copyright © The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2003

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