Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:52:38.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Holocaust in Italian Collective Memory: Il giorno della memoria, 27 January 2001

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2016

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The article examines the first official, national Holocaust memorial day in Italy, the so-called Giorno della memoria (Day of memory), marked on the 56th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz on 27 January 2001. It looks at the ways in which the day acted as a filter for issues of national collective memory and identity, in particular state and public negotiation of the legacy of Fascism, as well as addressing broader issues of Holocaust remembrance. The article looks first at the origins of the Giorno della memoria in political and in legislative terms. Then it sketches in the events of the day itself, at national and local levels, in political, educational and cultural terms. This is followed by an analysis of media coverage and contemporary commentary, showing how various lines of interpretation addressed general issues related to the Holocaust and specifically Italian historical, ideological and contemporary questions.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Association for the study of Modern Italy 

References

Affinati, E. (1997) Campi del sangue , Mondadori, Milan.Google Scholar
Battista, P. (2001) ‘La storia degli uomini’, La Stampa , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Bauman, Z. (1989) Modernity and Holocaust , Polity, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Bidussa, D. (1994) Il mito del bravo italiano , Il Saggiatore, Milan.Google Scholar
Bloxham, D. (2002) ‘Britain's Holocaust memorial days: reshaping the past in the service of the present’, Immigrants and Minorities , Vol. 21, no. 1–2, pp. 4162.Google Scholar
Bravo, A. & Jalla, D. (eds) (1986) La vita offesa: Storia e memoria dei Lager nazisti nei racconti di duecento sopravvissuti , Franco Angeli, Milan.Google Scholar
Breda, M. (2001) ‘Per chi suona il mandolino di Cefalonia’, Corriere della Sera , 25 Jan. Google Scholar
Buzzanca, S. (2001) ‘”Né oblio né revisionismo” nel giorno della memoria’, La Repubblica , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Calimani, A.-V. S. (1999) ‘A name for extermination (Hurban, Auschwitz, Genocide, Holocaust, Shoah)’, Modern Language Review , Vol. 94, no. 4, pp. 978999.Google Scholar
Calimani, A.-V. S. (2001) I nomi dello sterminio , Einaudi, Turin.Google Scholar
Capponi, A. (2001) ‘”Anche italiani approfittarono della Shoah”’, Corriere della Sera , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Cavaglion, A., (ed.) (2004) ‘Bibliografia italiana’, in Dizionario dell'Olocausto , Einaudi, Turin. Translation of Laqueur, W. (ed.) (2001) The Holocaust Encyclopedia, Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Celebrazioni, e polemiche, (2002) La repubblica , 27 Jan. [Online] Available at: http://www.repubblica.it/online/cronaca/memoria/oggi/oggi.html Google Scholar
Ceremonies, (2006) ‘Yad Vashem,’ [Online] Available at: http://www1.yadvashem.org/education/ceremonies/liberation/map/map.htm Google Scholar
Cesarani, D. (2001) ‘Myth and memory’, The Guardian , 24 Jan. Google Scholar
Cole, T. (1999) Images of the Holocaust: The Myth of the ‘Shoah Business’ , Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Collotti, E. (2003) Il fascismo e gli ebrei: Le leggi razziali in Italia , Laterza, Bari.Google Scholar
Colombo, F. (2001) ‘La Shoah, crimine anche italiano’, La Repubblica , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Cornwell, J. (1999) Hitler's Pope: The Secret History of Pius XII , Viking, New York.Google Scholar
Cremonesi, M. (2001) ‘Il giorno della memoria, migliaia in piazza per non dimenticare’, Corriere della Sera , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Deaglio, E. (1991) La banalità del bene , Feltrinelli, Milan.Google Scholar
De Pasquale, G. (2001) ‘Viaggio di una legge’, in Mi ricordo, supplement to Diario , Vol. 4, no. 4 (special issue dedicated to Il giorno della memoria), 27 Jan., pp. 1218.Google Scholar
Dragoni, U. (1996) La scelta degli I.M.I.: Militari italiani prigionieri in Germania (1943–1945) , Le Lettere, Florence.Google Scholar
Felman, S. & Laub, D. (1992) Testimony , Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Fertilio, D. (2001) ‘Lia Levi: “Così insegno ai bambini a non ripetere gli orrori dei padri”’, Corriere della Sera , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Finkelstein, N. (2000) The Holocaust Industry , Verso, London.Google Scholar
Finzi, R. (2001) ‘Quei trecento posti “rubati” negli atenei’, Corriere della Sera , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Fölkel, F. (2000) La risiera di san Sabba , 2nd edn, Rizzoli, Milan.Google Scholar
Franzinelli, M. (2003) Le stragi nascoste , Mondadori, Milan.Google Scholar
Friedlander, S., (ed.), (1992) Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the Final Solution , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Fusani, C. (2001) ‘”Arrivarono i nazisti e sterminarono il paese”’, La Repubblica, 27 Jan.Google Scholar
Galli della Loggia, E. (1996) La morte della patria , Laterza, Bari.Google Scholar
Galli della Loggia, E. (2001) ‘L'inutilità dell'orrore’, Corriere della Sera , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
27 gennaio, giorno della memoria (2006) Centro di documentazione ebraica contemporanea, [Online] Available at: http://www.cdec.it/memoria/27gen.htm Google Scholar
Giordana, M. T. (1995) Pasolini: Un delitto italiano , Mondadai, Milan.Google Scholar
Goldhagen, D. (1996) Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust , Little, Brown, London.Google Scholar
Grignetti, F. (2001) ‘Giornata della memoria, uniti e divisi’, La Stampa , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Gundle, S. (2000) ‘The “civic religion” of the resistance in postwar Italy’, Modern Italy , Vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 113132.Google Scholar
Hartman, G., (ed.) (1994) Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory , Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Hoffman, E. (2004) After Such Knowledge: Memory, History and the Legacy of the Holocaust , Secker and Warburg, London.Google Scholar
Holocaust Memorial Day (2006). Available at: http://www.hmd.org.uk.Google Scholar
Isnenghi, M. (1996–98) I luoghi della memoria , Laterza, Bari.Google Scholar
Karpf, A. (2001) ‘Memories aren't made of this’, The Guardian , 26 Jan. Google Scholar
Katz, S. T. (1994) The Holocaust in Historical Context , Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Kushner, T. (1994) The Holocaust and the Liberal Imagination , Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
LaCapra, D. (1988) History and Memory after Auschwitz , Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Google Scholar
La giornata della memoria (2003) La repubblica , 27 Jan. [Online] Available at: http://www.repubblica.it/online/cronaca/memoriadue/giornata/giornata.html Google Scholar
La Rocca, O. (2001) ‘”Ho nel cuore il prete che mi salvò la vita”’, La Repubblica , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Legge, L. (2000) Gazzetta Ufficiale Serie Generale , 177, 31 July, p. 3.Google Scholar
Levi, G. (2001) ‘Sempre caro ci fu questo passato’, Mi ricordo , pp. 8288.Google Scholar
Levi, L. (2001) Che cos'è l'antisemitismo? Per favore rispondete , Mondadori, Milan.Google Scholar
Loewenthal, E. (2001) ‘Strascico di fumo’, La Stampa , 26 Jan. Google Scholar
Longo, A. (2001a) ‘An divide i sopravvissuti’, La Repubblica , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Longo, A. (2001b) ‘Tullia Zevi e la Shoah tra lacrime e ricordi’, La Repubblica , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Loy, R. (1997) La parola ebreo , Einaudi, Turin.Google Scholar
Luzi, G. (2001) ‘L'Italia ricorda la Shoah. Ciampi: non torni l'odio’, La Repubblica , 27 Jan. Google Scholar
Luzzatto, S. (2004) La crisi dell'antifascismo , Einaudi, Turin.Google Scholar
Maier, C. (1997) The Unmasterable Past: History, the Holocaust and German National Identity , Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Maiocchi, R. (1999) Scienza italiana e razzismo fascista , La Nuova Italia, Florence.Google Scholar
Marcoaldi, F. (2004) Benjaminowo: Padre e figlio , Bompiani, Milan.Google Scholar
Marcuse, H. (2001) Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933–2001 , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Marrus, M. (1987) The Holocaust in History , Penguin, Harmondsworth.Google Scholar
Maurensig, P. (1993) La variante di Lüneberg , Adelphi, Milan.Google Scholar
Meyda, G. (2002) Storia della deportazione dall'Italia 1943–1945 , Bollati Boringhieri, Turin.Google Scholar
Mezan, M. (2001) ‘Noi, testimoni della Shoah’, Corriere della Sera , 25 Jan. Google Scholar
Mi ricordo (2001) Supplement to Diario , Vol. 4, no. 4 (special issue dedicated to Il giorno della memoria), 27 Jan.Google Scholar
Nevola, G. (2003) ‘From the “republic of parties” to a “fatherland for Italians”: the Italian political system in search of a new principle of legitimation’, Journal of Modern Italian Studies , Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 249265.Google Scholar
Novick, P. (1999) The Holocaust and Collective Memory , Bloomsbury, London.Google Scholar
Pavone, C. (1991) Una guerra civile , Bollati Boringhieri, Turin.Google Scholar
Picciotto Fargion, L. (1991) Il libro della memoria: Gli ebrei deportati dall'Italia (1943–1945) , Mursia, Milan.Google Scholar
Porro, M. (2001) ‘I cento incredibili giorni di Giorgio Perlasca, lo Schindler italiano’, Corriere della Sera , 25 Jan. Google Scholar
Portelli, A. (1999) L'ordine è già stato eseguito: Roma, le Fosse Ardeatine, la memoria , Donzelli, Rome.Google Scholar
Probst, L. (2001) ‘Founding myths in Europe and the role of the Holocaust’, Tales and Taboo: Controversial Narratives about the Third Reich and the Holocaust Conference , Cornell University, 13 April. [Online] Available at: http://www.deutschlandstudien.uni-bremen.de/deutschlandstudien/publika/myths.pdf Google Scholar
Pupo, R. & Spazzali, R. (2003) Foibe , Bruno Mondadori, Milan.Google Scholar
Rose, G. (1996) ‘Beginnings of the day: Fascism and representation’, in Mourning Becomes the Law: Philosophy and Representation , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Rossi-Doria, A. (1998) Memoria e storia: Il caso della deportazione , Rubbettino, Catzanaro.Google Scholar
Rusconi, G. E. (2001) ‘In occhi ambigui’, La Stampa , 26 Jan. Google Scholar
Rusconi, G. E. (2004) Cefalonia , Einaudi, Turin.Google Scholar
Saletti, C. (2003) ‘Memorie che emergono, memorie che confliggono’. [Online] Available at http://fermi.univer.it/iperstoria/testi18.htm Google Scholar
Sarfatti, M. (2000) Gli ebrei nell'Italia fascista: Vicende, identità, persecuzione , Einaudi, Turin.Google Scholar
Sarfatti, M. (2001a) ‘Ecco perché vogliamo ricordare’, La Repubblica , 26 Jan. Google Scholar
Sarfatti, M. (2001b) ‘Razzisti per ordine superiore’, Mi ricordo , pp. 7881.Google Scholar
Scialoja, M. (2001) ‘Io, post-revisionista’, L'espresso , 25 Jan., pp. 8991.Google Scholar
Segre, C. (2001) ‘Olocausto, il ricordo e il monito’, Corriere della Sera , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Shoah Foundation (2006) ‘University of Southern California Shoah Foundation Institute’. [Online] Available at: http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/vhi/.Google Scholar
Sofri, A. (2001a) ‘Le caverne dell'orrore’, Mi ricordo , pp. 5862 (also appeared as ‘Lager e Foibe, il derby dell'orrore’, La Stampa, 26 Jan.).Google Scholar
Sofri, A. (2001b) ‘L'Apocalisse degli ebrei nel cuore dell'Europa’, La Repubblica , 28 Jan. Google Scholar
Steinberg, J. (1991) All or Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust 1941–43 , Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Stockholm Declaration (2000) Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust. [Online] Available at: http://www.holocaustforum.gov.se or http://taskforce.ushmm.org Google Scholar
Teofilo, (2001) ‘Quante Shoah nel calendario degli ebrei’, La Stampa (Turin supplement), 26 Jan. Google Scholar
Ventura, A., (ed.) (1996) L'università dalle leggi razziali alla Resistenza , CLUEP, Padua.Google Scholar
Walston, J. (1997) ‘History and memory of the Italian concentration camps’, Historical Journal , Vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 169183.Google Scholar
Wiedmer, C. (1999) The Claims of Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Contemporary Germany and France , Cornell University Press, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Wieviorka, A. (1992) Déportation et génocide , Plon, Paris.Google Scholar
Winter, J. (1995) Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wyman, D. S. & Rosenzveig, C. H. (eds) (1997) The World Reacts to the Holocaust , Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.Google Scholar
Young, J. E. (1993) The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning , Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar
Zelizer, B. (1998) Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory through the Camera's Eye , Chicago University Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Zuccotti, S. (1987) The Italians and the Holocaust , Peter Halban, London.Google Scholar
Zucotti, S. (2000) Under His Very Windows: The Vatican and the Holocaust in Italy , Yale University Press, New Haven.Google Scholar