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Negative Refraction in Photonic Crystals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Toshihiko Baba ,
Tomohiko Asatsuma  and
Takashi Matsumoto
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Abstract

Photonic crystals are multidimensional periodic gratings, in which the light propagation is dominated by Bragg diffraction that appears to be refraction at the flat surfaces of the crystals. The refraction angle from positive to negative, perfectly or only partially obeying Snell's law, can be tailored based on photonic band theory. Negative refraction enables novel prism, collimation, and lens effects. Because photonic crystals usually consist of two transparent media, these effects occur at absorption-free frequencies, affording significant design flexibility for free-space optics. The photonic-crystal slab, a high-index membrane with a two-dimensional airhole array, must be carefully designed to avoid unwanted reflection and diffraction. Light focusing based on negative refraction forms a parallel image of a light source, facilitating optical couplers and condenser lenses for wavelength demultiplexing. A compact wavelength demultiplexer can be designed by combining the prism and lens effects.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Bulletin , Volume 33 , Issue 10: Negative-Index Materials , October 2008 , pp. 927 - 930
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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