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Hydroxyapatite Coatings Produced by Right Angle Magnetron Sputtering for Biomedical Applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Zhendong Hong
Affiliation:
hong@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Physics, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States, 847-644-3180
Alexandre Mello
Affiliation:
mello@cbpf.br, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, 22290, Brazil
Tomohiko Yoshida
Affiliation:
t-yoshida@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
Lan Luan
Affiliation:
l-luan@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
Paula H. Stern
Affiliation:
p-stern@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
Alexandre Rossi
Affiliation:
rossi@cbpf.br, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, 22290, Brazil
Donald E. Ellis
Affiliation:
dvmgroup@gmail.com, Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
John B. Ketterson
Affiliation:
j-ketterson@northwestern.edu, Northwestern University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL, 60208, United States
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Abstract

Hydroxyapatite coatings have been widely recognized for their biocompatibility and utility in promoting biointegration of implants in both osseous and soft tissue. Conventional sputtering techniques have shown some advantages over the commercially available plasma spraying method; however, the as-sputtered coatings are usually non-stoichiometric and amorphous which can cause some serious problems such as poor adhesion and excessive coating dissolution rate. A versatile right-angle radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RAMS) approach has been developed to deposit HA coatings on various substrates at low power levels. Using this alternative magnetron geometry, as-sputtered HA coatings are nearly stoichiometric, highly crystalline, and strongly bound to the substrate, as evidenced by analyses using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In particular, coatings deposited on oriented substrates show a polycrystalline XRD pattern but with some strongly preferred orientations, indicating that HA crystallization is sensitive to the nature of the substrate. Post deposition heat treatment under high temperature does not result in a marked improvement in the degree of crystallinity of the coatings. To study the biocompatibility of these coatings, murine osteoblast cells were seeded onto various substrates. Cell density counts using fluorescence microscopy show that the best osteoblast proliferation is achieved on an HA RAMS-coated titanium substrate. These experiments demonstrate that RAMS is a promising coating technique for biomedical applications.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

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