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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2011
X-ray reflectivity and diffuse scattering are powerful techniques for the non-destructive determination of the vertical and lateral roughness of external and internal interfaces. The influence of roughness on the reflected and transmitted amplitudes is treated in terms of a model first described by Névot and Croce. The diffuse scattering is described by an improved distorted wave Born approximation. A few examples will demonstrate the possibilities of the techniques.