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Bioactive Glass Stimulates the Function of Biological Signaling Molecules and Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2011

P. Ducheyne
P. Ducheyne*
Affiliation:
Center for Bioactive Materials and Tissue Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Extract

An estimated 11 million people in the United States have at least one medical device implant [1]. Orthopaedic implants account for 51.3 % of all implants. They include fixation devices (usually fracture fixation) and artificial joints, used in 77% and 23% of the cases respectively. Among the joint replacement procedures, hip and knee surgeries represent 90% of the total, and, in 1988, were performed 310,000 times in this country [1]. Currently, somewhat more than half the joint reconstruction devices are used with bone cement, which is a polymer grout that keeps the prosthesis components in place in the bone. The fixation in the other cases depends on the bone's ability to grow in contact with the device. This can be achieved by making the prosthesis surface porous, such that bone grows into the interstices; or by making the surface chemically reactive with bone tissue such that a continuous, uninterrupted transition is formed from tissue to device. Bioactive glasses and ceramics are the materials of choice to achieve this effect on bone tissue bonding [2]. Bone growth stimulation is also sought in the treatment of difficult fractures. In the U.S. alone, there are 1.23 million fractures that require a bone plate. Of that total, approximately I million require between 10 and 100 cc of graft material to stimulate bone repair. At this time, autogenous bone graft represents the gold standard: this graft is typically bone tissue taken from the patient's own iliac crest. Given the morbidity associated with this procedure and the frequently insufficient quantities available, extensive efforts for suitable alternatives are currently underway. Calcium phosphate ceramics and glasses, either by themselves or as carriers for bone (or “osteogenic”) cells or various bone growth factors, are also prime candidate materials for these applications.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 599: Symposium DD – Mineralization in Natural & Synthetic Biomaterials , 1999 , 325
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

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