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Effect of Pore Morphology on the Electrochemical Properties of Electric Double Layer Carbon Cryogel Supercapacitors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Betzaida Batalla Garcia ,
Aaron M. Feaver ,
Richard Champion ,
Qifeng Zhang ,
Tim T. Fister ,
Kenneth P. Nagle ,
Gerald T. Seidler  and
Guozhong Cao
Betzaida Batalla Garcia
Affiliation:
bbg5@u.washington.edu, University of Washington, Materials Science and Engineering, 302M Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, United States
Aaron M. Feaver
Affiliation:
afeaver@energ2.com, EnerG2 LLC, 810 3rd Avenue, Suite 120, Seattle, WA, 98104, United States
Richard Champion
Affiliation:
richard.champion@gmail.com, University of Washington, Materials Science and Engineering, 302M Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, United States
Qifeng Zhang
Affiliation:
qfzhang@u.washington.edu>, University of Washington, Materials Science and Engineering, 302M Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, United States
Tim T. Fister
Affiliation:
tfister@u.washington.edu, University of Washington, Physics, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
Kenneth P. Nagle
Affiliation:
naglek@u.washington.edu, University of Washington, Physics, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
Gerald T. Seidler
Affiliation:
seidler@phys.washington.edu, University of Washington, Physics, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States
Guozhong Cao
Affiliation:
gzcao@ u.washington.edu, University of Washington, Materials Science and Engineering, 302M Roberts Hall, Box 352120, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, United States
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Abstract

In this study a group of resorcinol-formaldehyde carbon cryogels (CC) have been processed chemically, via catalysis and activation, to obtain varied nanostructures and pore size distributions. To understand the relation between structure and electrochemical properties the capacitor can be studied as a dielectric system composed of a porous electrode and the electrolyte (Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate in propylene carbonate). Using Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) the complex capacitance and power are used to study the behavior of the system below the relaxation frequency fo (φ = −45°). Therefore, the relaxation of the capacitor system at the low frequency range, f < fo, may be used as a measure of pore/electrolyte interaction. The approach here proposed also allows for a direct experimental characterization of the capacitance and power at low frequencies where small pores are likely to affect the diffusion dynamics of the electrolyte molecules. The results suggest a correlation between the occurrence of small micropores and that of high power losses that are related to the resistive element produced at the low frequency range. Moreover, the impact of the micropore structure upon the supercapacitor's performance is apparent in its capacitance and energy as well. In addition to the complex power and capacitance other measurements including BET Nitrogen sorption, cyclic voltammetry, galvanic cycling and X-Ray Raman Scattering were used to characterize the samples and support these results.

Keywords

nanostructuredielectric propertiesporosity
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1056: Symposium HH – Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials V , 2007 , 1056-HH08-19
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

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