Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T15:24:06.964Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Pulse Duration and Polarity on the Electromigration Behavior of Copper Interconnects under Pulsed Current Stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Meng Keong Lim ,
Chee Lip Gan ,
Yong Chiang Ee ,
Chee Mang Ng ,
Bei Chao Zhang  and
Juan Boon Tan
Meng Keong Lim
Affiliation:
X060016@ntu.edu.sg, Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Block N4.1, B3-02, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore, 639798, Singapore, (65) 6790 4142, (65) 6790 9081
Chee Lip Gan
Affiliation:
CLGan@ntu.edu.sg, Nanyang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Block N4.1, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
Yong Chiang Ee
Affiliation:
eeyc@charteredsemi.com, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd, 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D, Street 2, Singapore, 738406, Singapore
Chee Mang Ng
Affiliation:
ngcm@charteredsemi.com, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd, 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D, Street 2, Singapore, 738406, Singapore
Bei Chao Zhang
Affiliation:
zhangbc@charteredsemi.com, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd, 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D, Street 2, Singapore, 738406, Singapore
Juan Boon Tan
Affiliation:
tanjb@charteredsemi.com, Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing Ltd, 60 Woodlands Industrial Park D, Street 2, Singapore, 738406, Singapore
Get access

Abstract

Direct current (D.C.) is usually employed to characterize the electromigration reliability of interconnects. However, D.C. characterization techniques might not reflect the actual reliability of interconnects that are carrying pulsed D.C. or A.C. (alternating current) signals during operation. This study investigates the effects of unipolar and bipolar pulsed current on the electromigration lifetime of copper (Cu) interconnects. A series of long period pulsed current (i.e. 2, 16, 32 and 48 hours) were applied to Cu interconnects. Lifetime enhancement is observed when the half-period of pulsed current is shorter than the medium-time-to-failure (t50) of D.C. stressed samples. Minor increase in resistance occurring in-between pulses for unipolar pulsed current stressed samples, and occurrence of damage healing in bipolar pulsed current stressed samples are reasons attributed for the observed enhanced lifetime. We obtained longer MTF when the period of the pulsed current is shorter.

Keywords

electromigrationCumicroelectronics
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1079: Symposium N – Materials and Processes for Advanced Interconnects for Microelectronics , 2008 , 1079-N05-07
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Hu, C.-K., Gignac, L. and Rosenberg, R., Microelectronics Reliability 46, pp.213–231 (2006).Google Scholar
2. Pierce, D. G. and Brusius, P. G., Microelectron. Reliab. 37, pp.1053–1072 (1997).Google Scholar
3. Black, J. R., Proc. of 6th Ann. Reliability Physics Symp., pp. 148–159 (1967).Google Scholar
4. Hummel, R. E. and Hoang, H. H., J. Appl. Phys. 65, pp.1929–1931 (1989).Google Scholar
5. Tao, J., Chen, J. F., Cheung, N. W. and Hu, C., Proc. of 34th Ann. Reliability Physics Symp., pp. 180–187 (1996).Google Scholar
6. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (2007); see website http://www.itrs.net/Google Scholar
7. Wang, P.-C. and Filippi, R. G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, pp.3598–3600 (2001).Google Scholar
8. Malone, D. W. and Hummel, R. E., J. Appl. Phys. 83, pp.5750–5760 (1998).Google Scholar
9. Hu, C.-K., Gignac, L., Malhotra, S. G., Rosenberg, R. and Boettcher, S., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, pp.904–906 (2001).Google Scholar
10. Blech, I. A. and Herring, C., Appl. Phys. Lett. 29, pp.131–133 (1976).Google Scholar
11. Hau-Riege, C. S., Hau-Riege, S. P. and Marathe, A. P., J. Appl. Phys. 96, pp.5792–5796 (2004).Google Scholar