Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-30T22:30:57.962Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fabrication and Characterisation of the First Graphene Ring Micro Electrodes (GRIMEs)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2012

J.W. Dickinson ,
F.P.L. Andrieux  and
C. Boxall
J.W. Dickinson
Affiliation:
Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K.
F.P.L. Andrieux
Affiliation:
Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K.
C. Boxall
Affiliation:
Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K.
Get access

Abstract

We report the fabrication and characterisation of the first graphene ring micro electrodes, formed by dip coating fibre optics with subsequently reduced graphite oxide. The behaviour of the so-formed Graphene RIng Micro Electrodes (GRIMEs) is studied using the ferricyanide probe redox system while electrode thicknesses is assessed using established electrochemical methods. A ring electrode of ∼73 nm thickness is produced on 220 μm diameter fibre optics, corresponding to an inner to outer radius ratio of >0.999, so allowing for use of extant analytical descriptions of very thin ring micro electrodes in data analysis. GRIMEs are highly reliable (current response invariant over >3000 scans) with the microring design allowing for efficient use of electrochemically active graphene edge sites. Further, the associated nA scale currents neatly obviate issues relating to the high resistivity of undoped graphene. Thus, the use of graphene in ring micro electrodes improves the reliability of existing micro electrode designs and expands the range of use of graphene-based electrochemical devices.

Keywords

nanostructuresensorelectrical properties
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1407: Symposium AA – Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene and Related Nanostructures , 2012 , mrsf11-1407-aa17-02
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Kou, R., Shao, Y. and Mei, D.. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 2541 (2011).Google Scholar
2. Stoller, M.D., Park, S. and Zhu, Y., An, J., Ruoff, R.S.. Nano. Lett. 8, 3498 (2008).Google Scholar
3. Keeley, P.A., McEvoy, N. and Kumar, S.. Electrochem. Comm. 12, 1034 (2010).Google Scholar
4. Arrigan, D.W.M.. Analyst. 129, 1157 (2004).Google Scholar
5. Sanchez, V.C., Jachak, A., Hurt, R.H. and Kane, A.B.. Chem. Res. Toxicol (2011).Google Scholar
6. Shao, Y., Wang, J., Wu, H., Liu, J., Aksay, I.A. and Lin, Y.. Electroanalysis. 22, 1027 (2010).Google Scholar
7. Ni, Z.H., Wang, H.M. and Kasim, J., Nano. Lett. 7, 2762 (2007).Google Scholar
8. Ambrosi, A., Sasaki, T. and Pumera, M.. Chem. Asian. J. 5, 266 (2010).Google Scholar
9. Xu, X. and Weber, S.G.. J. Electroanal. Chem. 630, 75 (2009).Google Scholar
10. Xu, K., Ding, M.S. and Jow, T.R.. Electrochimica Acta 46, 1823 (2001).Google Scholar
11. Shang, N.G., Papakonstantinou, P. et al. , Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 3506 (2008).Google Scholar
12. Becerril, H.A., Mao, J. and Liu, Z., American. Chem. Soc. 2, 463 (2008).Google Scholar
13. Hummers, W.S. and Offeman, R.E., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).Google Scholar
14. Goss, C.A., Charych, D.H. and Majda, M., Analytical. Chem. 63, 85 (1991).Google Scholar
15. Bard, A.J. and Faulkner, L.R.. Electrochemical Methods. 2 nd edition (John Wiley & Sons Inc, New York, 2001).Google Scholar
16. Szabo, A.J., J. Phys. Chem. 91, 3108 (1987).Google Scholar
17. Smythe, W.R., J. Appl. Phys. 22, 1499 (1951).Google Scholar