Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T13:47:38.876Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Flame Retardant Intumescent Polyamide 11-Carbon Nanofiber Nanocomposites: Thermal and Flammability Properties

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

Si Chon Lao ,
Joseph H Koo ,
Alexander Morgan ,
Hung-Kai Jor ,
Khiet Nguyen ,
Gerhardt Wissler ,
Louis Pilato  and
Zhiping Luo
Si Chon Lao
Affiliation:
dicklaos@mail.utexas.edu, University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
Joseph H Koo
Affiliation:
jkoo@mail.utexas.edu, University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
Alexander Morgan
Affiliation:
alexander.morgan@udri.udayton.edu, University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469, United States
Hung-Kai Jor
Affiliation:
alanjor@mail.utexas.edu, University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
Khiet Nguyen
Affiliation:
khiet@mail.utexas.edu, University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, 1 University Station C2200, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
Gerhardt Wissler
Affiliation:
gewissler@att.net, KAI, LLC, Austin, TX, 78739, United States
Louis Pilato
Affiliation:
pilato-consulting@worldnet.att.net, KAI, LLC, Austin, TX, 78739, United States
Zhiping Luo
Affiliation:
luo@tamu.edu, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, United States
Get access

Abstract

Current polyamide 11 and 12 are lacking in fire retardancy and high strength/high heat resistance characteristics for fabricated parts that are required for performance driven applications. The introduction of selected nanoparticles such as carbon nanofibers (CNFs), combined with a conventional intumescent flame retardant (FR) additive into the polyamide 11/polyamide 12 (PA11/PA12) by melt processing conditions has resulted in a family of intumescent polyamide nanocomposites. These intumescent PA11 and PA12 nanocomposites exhibit enhanced polymer performance characteristics, i.e., fire retardancy, high strength, and high heat resistance and are expected to expand the market opportunities for resin manufacturers. The overall objective of this research is to develop improved PA11 and PA12 polymers with enhanced flame retardancy, thermal, and mechanical properties for selective laser sintering (SLS) rapid manufacturing. Arkema RILSAN® PA11 polymer was examined with CNFs and Clairant Exolit® OP 1230 intumescent FR additive. They were used to create a family of FR intumescent PA11-CNF nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to determine the degree of CNFs and intumescent FR additive dispersion in PA11. Injection molded specimens were fabricated for material properties measurements. Thermal stability of these polymer nanocomposites (PNs) was examined by TGA. Flammability and thermal properties of these PNs were obtained using the cone calorimeter, UL 94 test method, and heat deflection temperature.

Keywords

polymernanostructurecomposite
Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 1056: Symposium HH – Nanophase and Nanocomposite Materials V , 2007 , 1056-HH03-63
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Nelson, G. N. and Wilke, C. A., Ed., Fire and Polym. III. Mater. and Sol. Hazard Prevention (2001).Google Scholar
2. Giannelis, E., Adv. Mater. 8, 29 (1996).Google Scholar
3. Gilman, J. W., Kashiwagi, T., SAMPE J. 33 (4), 40 (1997).Google Scholar
4. Gilman, J. W., Appl. Clay. Sci. 15, 31 (1999).Google Scholar
5. Zhu, J., Morgan, A. B., Lamelas, J., and Wilke, C. A., Chem. Mater. 13, 3774 (2001).Google Scholar
6. Zanetti, M., Camino, G. and Mulhaupt, R., Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 74, 413 (2001).Google Scholar
7. Gilman, J. W. et al. , Chem. Mater. 12, 1866 (2000).Google Scholar
8. Kashiwagi, T., Grulke, E., Hilding, J., Harris, R., Awad, W. and Douglas, J., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 23, 761 (2002).Google Scholar
9. Koo, J. H. et al. , Proc. SAMPE 2003 ISSE, SAMPE, Long Beach, CA, 2003, p. 954.Google Scholar
10. Yang, F., Yngard, R. A. and Nelson, G. L., “Nanocomposites 2002,” San Diego, CA, Sept 23-25, 2002.Google Scholar
11. Kashiwagi, T. et al. , “Nanocomposites 2002,” San Diego, CA, Sept 23-25, 2002.Google Scholar
12. Pool, A. D. and Hahn, H. T., Proc. SAMPE 2003 ISSE, SAMPE, Long Beach, CA, 2003.Google Scholar
13. Morgan, A. B. and Wilke, C. A., Ed., Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites, (Wiley, New York,2007.)Google Scholar
14. Koo, J. H. et al. , Proc. SAMPE 2005 ISSE, SAMPE, Long Beach, CA, 2005.Google Scholar
15. Lao, S. C., Koo, J. H. et al. , Proc. SAMPE 2005 ISTC, SAMPE, Seattle, WA, 2005.Google Scholar
16. Fornes, T. D. and Paul, D. R., Macromolecules 37, 7698 (2004).Google Scholar
17.Polyamide 11 technical data sheet, Arkema, Inc., France.Google Scholar
18. Tibbetts, G. G., J. Crystal Growth 66, 632 (1984).Google Scholar
19. Tibbetts, G. G. et al. , Composites Science and Technology 67, 1709–1718 (2007).Google Scholar
20. Maruyama, B. and Alam, K., SAMPE J. 38 (3), 59 (2002).Google Scholar
21. Beard, A. and Marzi, T., Addcon 2005, Hamburg, Germany, 20-21 Sept 2005.Google Scholar
22.UL 94, fiTests for “ammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances,” Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL), Northbrook, IL.Google Scholar
23. Lao, S. C., Koo, J.H. et al. , Proc. SAMPE 2007 ISTC, SAMPE, Cincinnati, OH, 2007.Google Scholar
24. Lao, S. C., Koo, J. H. et al. , ACS 5th Fire and Polym. Symposium Preprint (2008).Google Scholar