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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 February 2013
We present normal and inverted solution processed bi-layer solar cells using cationic cyanine dyes as the electron donor and a fullerene as the electron acceptor. The cells exhibit high open circuit voltages up to 1 volt showing the optimal alignment of donor and acceptor energy levels. We demonstrate the large effect that cyanine dye counter ions can have on the energetics of the solar cells and how the S-shaped current density vs. voltage (J-V) curves can be avoided.