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Intensive symptom control of opioid-refractory dyspnea in congestive heart failure: Role of milrinone in the palliative care unit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2015

Julio Silvestre ,
Maria Montoya ,
Eduardo Bruera  and
Ahmed Elsayem
Julio Silvestre
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
Maria Montoya
Affiliation:
Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Texas
Eduardo Bruera
Affiliation:
Department of Palliative Care and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston. Texas
Ahmed Elsayem*
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Palliative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Ahmed Elsayem, Emergency Medicine Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 1468, Post Office Box 301402, Houston, Texas 77230-1402. E-mail: aelsayem@mdanderson.org
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Abstract

Objective:

We describe an exemplary case of congestive heart failure (CHF) symptoms controlled with milrinone. We also analyze the benefits and risks of milrinone administration in an unmonitored setting.

Method:

We describe the case of a patient with refractory leukemia and end-stage CHF who developed severe dyspnea after discontinuation of milrinone. At that point, despite starting opioids, she had been severely dyspneic and anxious, requiring admission to the palliative care unit (PCU) for symptom control. After negotiation with hospital administrators, milrinone was administered in an unmonitored setting such as the PCU. A multidisciplinary team approach was also provided.

Results:

Milrinone produced a dramatic improvement in the patient's symptom scores and performance status. The patient was eventually discharged to home hospice on a milrinone infusion with excellent symptom control.

Significance of Results:

This case suggests that milrinone may be of benefit for short-term inpatient administration for dyspnea management, even in unmonitored settings and consequently during hospice in do-not-resuscitate (DNR) patients. This strategy may reduce costs and readmissions to the hospital related to end-stage CHF.

Keywords

Congestive heart failureOpioid-refractory dyspneaPalliative careMilrinone
Type
Case Reports
Information
Palliative & Supportive Care , Volume 13 , Issue 6 , December 2015 , pp. 1781 - 1785
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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