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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 August 2013
The administrative history of the Sicilian kingdom under Tancred, count of Lecce, an illegitimate member of the Norman royal family who reigned from 1189 to 1194, is in many respects obscure, but a charter from Montevergine, brought to my notice by Miss Jamison and now printed at the end of this article, throws some light on the fate of the larger of the two mainland provinces, namely All Apulia and Terra di Lavoro.
The document in question was drawn up on the instructions of Lanzo Petitus, Humphrey, Bisantius and Pandulf, catepans of Ascoli Satriano, in November 1190, shortly after the town had been taken by the royalists from Count Roger of Andria, a supporter of Henry VI of Germany, Tancred's imperial rival for the throne of Sicily. Its purpose was to enable Iohannicitus de Bocco to turn out the butchers' stalls under the arches of his house and it also authorised him, should the need arise, to prevent the said stalls from being set up in the market place in front of his house. In making this concession the catepans were acting on the orders of Berard Gentilis, count of Lesina, captain and master justiciar of All Apulia and Terra di Lavoro, and with the consent of the men of Ascoli.
1 I have to thank this monastery and its archivist Dom Carlo Rabasca for their kind help and permission to print the charter.
2 Jamison, E. M., ‘The Norman administration of Apulia and Capua,’ Papers of the British School at Rome, vi, 1913, p. 283Google Scholar, date unrectified.
3 The northern boundary of the province started from a point a little to the north of the Tronto, passed south of Rieti, and joined the west coast of Italy a little south of Terracina. It coincided with the mainland frontier of the Sicilian kingdom. The southern boundary marched with Calabria, starting south of the mouth of the Agri and joining the west coast near Policastro. See Jamison, op. cit., pp. 256, 347 and map.
4 ‘Sum autem catepani potestates quedam que in civitatibus et castris illius regionis (Apuliae) principum vices agunt’; Chalandon, F., Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile (Paris 1907), ii, 656Google Scholar, citing the Historia Pontificalis.
5 Prov. of Foggia.
6 The Annales Casinenses (in Mon. Germ. Hist., Script., xix) and the Chronica of Ryccardus de Sancto Germano (ed. Gaudenzi, A. in Monumenti storici, serie i, Naples, 1888)Google Scholar, both a. 1190, in conjunction with the Gesta Henrici II et Ruardi (ed. W. Stubbs, R.S,. London, 1867), ii, 140, suggest for the siege of Ascoli a date shortly after the middle of August 1190.
7 Codice diplomatico brindisino, ed. Monti, G. M. (Trani, 1940), i, no. 23 (April 1187)Google Scholar.
8 Codice diplomatico barese, i (Bari, 1897Google Scholar: Le pergamine del duomo di Bari, 952–1264, ed. G. B. Nitto de Rossi and F. Nitti de Vito), no. 94 (December 1186).
9 Baethgen, F., Die Regentschaft Papst Innocenz III im Königreich Sizilien (Heidelberger Abhandlungen. Heft 44, Heidelberg, 1914), p. 136Google Scholar. For a facsimile of the count of Tricarico's document, Archivio paleografico italiano, ed. Monaci, E., iii, no. 51Google Scholar.
10 Jamison, op. cit., pp. 283, 291.
11 Annales Casinenses, a. 1190–1194.
12 Jamison, op. cit., p. 283.
13 Cf. Jamison, E. M., Admiral Eugenius of Sicily (Oxford, 1956), p. 87Google Scholar.
14 Clementi, D., Calendar of the diplomas of the Hohenstaufen Emperor Henry VI concerning the kingdom of Sicily (in Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, XXXV, Tübingen, 1955), no. 78 and subsequentlyGoogle Scholar.
15 Helmold, , Chronica Slavorum (in M. G. H., Script., xxi, 193)Google Scholar; Ughelli, , Italia Sacra2, vii, 302Google Scholar.
16 Pergamene Montevergine, vol. 13, fol. 143, October, 1195. I owe my knowledge of the details of this MS. to a transcript kindly sent to me by Dom Rabasca. I hope to print the document in question in a future volume of the Papers of the British School at Rome.
17 Prov. of Avellino.
18 Cod. dipl. barese, vi (Bari, 1906Google Scholar: Le pergamene di S. Nicola di Bari, 1195–1266, ed. F. Nitti de Vito), no. 2.
19 Cod. dipl. brindisino, i, no. 33.
20 MS. Brancacciano IV C 14, in Tutini's hand. I hope in due course to print this with the document referred to in n. 16 above.
21 It is unfortunate that the list of witnesses in which Diepold appears with this title only survives in a garbled manuscript copy (v. Clementi, Calendar, no. 66), because it leaves open the possibility that the word magister or magnus has been omitted; but even if this were the case Diepold would be master justiciar only for Terra di Lavoro.
22 Ryccardus de Sancto Germano, Chronica, a. 1196; Clementi, Calendar, no. 96.
23 Clementi, Calendar, no. 52 and subsequently, Ryccardus de Sancto Germano (a. 1197) records Conrad's death, adding that his county of Molise (prov. Campobasso) was then given by the emperor to Markward of Anweiler. This German had been count of Aprutium (Teramo) from 28 November 1195 at the latest (see Stumpf-Brentano, K. F., Verzeichnis der Kaiserurkunden in Die Reichskanzlei vornehmlich des X., XI., XII., Jahrhunderts, ii (Innsbruck, 1865), nos. 4976, 4977)Google Scholar but during Henry VI's lifetime he was not resident in the kingdom and therefore cannot have taken a prominent part in the local administration.
24 Ficker, U., Forschungen zur Reichs- und Rechtsgeschichte Italiens (Innsbruck, 1868), pp. 315, 371Google Scholar. For Diepold see also E. Winkelmann and S. Riezler in Forschungen zur deutschen Geschichte, 1876, pp. 159, 371.
25 Jamison, Admiral Eugenius, p. 146 ff.; Ries, R., ‘Regesten der Kaiserin Constanze,’ Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblioiheken, xviii (Rome, 1926), no. 112*Google Scholar.
26 Not to be confused with the Berard Gentilis of the Montevergine document.
27 Ries, op. cit., nos. 67 note, 82.
28 Chalandon, , op. cit., ii, 105Google Scholar; Monaci, A., ‘Notizie e documenti per l'Abbazia di Casanova nell'Abruzzo,’ Il Muratori, iii, 1895, pp. 40, 67Google Scholar.
29 Migne, , P.L., ccxiv, no. 205Google Scholar.
30 F. Baethgen, Regentschaft Inn. III, p. 136.
31 Theiner, A., Vetera monumenta Slavorum meridionalium (Rome, 1863), i, 61 (no. 211)Google Scholar.
32 Tarsia, P. A., ‘Historiarum cupersanensium’ in Delectus scriptorum rerum neapolitanarum (Naples, 1835), p. 709Google Scholar.
33 In February 1177 Berard witnessed a royal document as Berardus Gentilis regiae privatae maisnedae constabularius (see Gesta Henrici II, i, 171) and in March 1187 Hugh witnessed as Lupinus domini Regis Senescalcus (see C. A. Garufi, I documenti inediti dell epoca normanna in Sicilia, in Documenti per servire alla storia di Sicilia, prima serie, diplomatica 18, Palermo, 1899, p. 216). In this second document another entry signum manus Riccardi Gentilis regie private maesnede comestabuli may well contain a misreading of Berardi as Riccardi, since the MS. is not an original and the name Berard is often mistranscribed. For Hugh Lupin's parentage see Jamison, Admiral Eugenius, p. 88.
34 Ann. Casinenses, a. 1189.
35 Jamison, Admiral Eugenius, p. 88.
36 For Berard Gentilis v. Archivio Storico Provinciale del Sannio ‘A. Mellusi,’ Benevento, Pergamene di S. Sofia Benevento, vol. 10, nos. 1, 8. I hope to print this with the document referred to in n. 16 above. For Hugh Lupin v. Clementi, Calendar, nos. 42, 55, 72, 82.
37 A charter of 14 June 1192 had shown him to be a passive adherent of Tancred's (Jamison, Admiral Eugenius, p. 88, n. 1).
38 Ibid., p. 157 f.
39 Clementi, Calendar, no. 24.
40 Ibid., no. 79.
41 Ryccardus de Sancto Germano, a. 1194, 1197.
42 Toeche, T., Heinrich VI. (Jahrbücher d. deutschen Geschichte. Leipzig, 1867), pp. 449, 451Google Scholar. Above, p. 102.
43 Clementi, Calendar, nos. 71, 130.
44 Ann. Casinenses, a. 1194.
45 In this part of Apulia the year of Our Lord changed at the same time as the indiction in September.
46 Prov. of Foggia.
47 Lesina, prov. of Foggia.
48 Four Sicilian or Salernitan tarens equalled I solidus and 60 tarens equalled 1 gold ounce.
49 Conversano, prov. of Bari.
50 The last two names are widely separated from the main list of witnesses and from each other.