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The Franco-Papal Crusade Negotiations of 1322–3

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 August 2013

N. J. Housley
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Extract

The first two years of the reign of Charles IV, the last Capetian king of France, witnessed detailed negotiations between the French court and the papal curia on the question of organising a crusade to the East. The negotiations are striking proof that on crusading matters the papacy still looked to the French crown to take the lead, attempting to continue a tradition of Franco-papal cooperation on the crusade which was rooted in the mid-thirteenth century. In the earlier period this policy of close cooperation was expressed in the expeditions and projects of St. Louis and Charles of Anjou, the aspirations of such popes as Urban IV and Clement IV, and the exemplary crusading zeal of French nobles like Geoffrey of Sergines, Oliver of Termes and Erard of Valéry. But was Franco-papal cooperation still fruitful in the first decades of the fourteenth century? To answer this question definitively would require an exhaustive survey of the achievements of this aspect of papal crusading policy, of the obstacles facing it and of the various alternative approaches which were open to the Roman church.

Type
Research Article
Information
Papers of the British School at Rome , Volume 48 , November 1980 , pp. 166 - 185
Copyright
Copyright © British School at Rome 1980

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References

1 For Charles IV and the crusade, see Delaville le Roulx, J., 1886, La France en Orient au xive siècle. Expéditions du Maréchal Boucicaut, Paris: 79–85Google Scholar; Lot, F., 1859, ‘Projets de Croisade sous Charles le Bel et sous Philippe de Valois’, Bibliothèque de l'École des chartes (hereafter cited as B.E.C.), xx: 503–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Lot, , 1875, ‘Essai d'intervention de Charles le Bel en faveur des chrétiens d'Orient tenté avec le concours du pape Jean XXII’, B.E.C., xxxvi: 588–600Google Scholar.

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13 Ibid.: no. 1262.

14 Ibid.: no. 1562, cols. 194–5.

15 Ibid.: nos. 1571–3. See also Annales ecclesiastici, ed. C. Baronio et al., 1864–87, ad ann. 1322, nos. 32–40, xxiv, Paris-Freiburg-Bar le Duc: 181–5; Pope John XXII, Lettres communes, ed. Mollat, G., 1904–1947, Paris: nos. 18089–92Google Scholar, 18141–9, 18174–5.

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27 Ibid.: no. 1696.

28 Ibid.: nos. 1693, 1702.

29 Ibid.: no. 1696.

30 Ibid.: nos. 1708–9.

31 Ibid.: no. 1701.

32 Ibid.: nos. 1691, 1698, 1700–2.

33 Ibid.: no. 1702.

34 Ibid.: no. 1703.

35 Ibid.: no. 1704.

36 Ibid.: no. 1693.

37 Ibid.: no. 1699. Cf. no. 1703.

38 Ibid.: no. 1693.

39 Ibid.: no. 1703.

40 Ibid.: nos. 1693, 1695–8, 1706.

41 Ibid.: no. 1707.

42 Ibid.: no. 1695.

43 Ibid.: no. 1693.

44 Ibid.: no. 1698.

45 Ibid.: no. 1693.

46 Ibid.

47 Ibid.: no. 1698.

48 Ibid.: nos. 1693, 1697–8, 1701–2, 1706.

49 Ibid.: no. 1698.

50 Ibid.: nos. 1696–8, 1700, 1702–3.

51 Ibid.: nos. 1705–6.

52 Ibid.:no. 1705.

53 Ibid.: no. 1704.

54 Ibid.: no. 1692.

56 Ibid.:nos. 1686–9.

56 Ibid.:no. 1687.

57 Acta arag., i: no. 325.

58 Ibid.: no. 326. See also Renouard, Y., 1934, ‘Les Papes et le conflit franco-anglais en Aquitaine de 1259 à 1337’, Mélanges, li: 288–90Google Scholar; Devic, and Vaissete, , Hist. gén. de Languedoc, ix. 418Google Scholar.

60 Tabacco, La casa di Francia: 262–3.

61 John XXII, Lettres secrètes: no. 1710.

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63 John XXII, Lettres secrètes: no. 1848, col. 402.

64 Acta arag., i: no. 328.

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66 Ibid.

67 Ibid.: no. 1850.

68 Ibid.: no. 1894. See also no. 1895.

69 ‘Continuatio chronici Guillelmi de Nangiaco, a monacho benedictino abbatiae S. Dionysii in Francia’, in Bouquet, M. et al. (eds.), 1737–1904, Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France, Paris xx: 639, 644Google Scholar. See also Laiou, Constantinople and the Latins: 318.

70 John XXII, Lettres secrètes: nos. 2308–9; Tabacco, La casa di Francia: 218, 237–8.

71 See, e.g., Devic, and Vaissete, , Hist. gén. de Languedoc, ix: 422Google Scholar; Henneman, J. B., 1971, Royal Taxation in Fourteenth Century France. The Development of War Financing 1322–1356, Princeton: 37Google Scholar.

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76 See Henneman, Royal Taxation: 37.

77 Most notoriously in the case of Philip's action against the Templars. See Barber, M., 1978, The Trial of the Templars, CambridgeGoogle Scholar: passim.

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79 See John XXII, Lettres secrètes: no. 1848, cols. 400–1.

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81 Cf. Gay, J., 1904, Le Pape Clément VI et les affaires d'Orient (1342–1352), Paris: 163 ffGoogle Scholar.