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Prior residency does not always pay off – co-infections in Daphnia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2010

JENNIFER N. LOHR ,
MINGBO YIN  and
JUSTYNA WOLINSKA
JENNIFER N. LOHR*
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie II, Evolutionsökologie, Großhaderner Strasse 2, D-82152Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
MINGBO YIN
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie II, Evolutionsökologie, Großhaderner Strasse 2, D-82152Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
JUSTYNA WOLINSKA
Affiliation:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biologie II, Evolutionsökologie, Großhaderner Strasse 2, D-82152Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
*
*Corresponding author, present address: University of Fribourg, Department of Biology, Unit of Ecology and Evolution, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700Fribourg, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (0) 26 300 88 57. Fax: +41 (0) 26 300 96 98. E-mail: jennifer.lohr@unifr.ch
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Summary

The epidemiological and ecological processes which govern the success of multiple-species co-infections are as yet unresolved. Here we investigated prior versus late residency within hosts, meaning which parasite contacts the host first, to determine if the outcomes of intra-host competition are altered. We infected a single genotype of the waterflea Daphnia galeata with both the intestinal protozoan Caullerya mesnili and the haemolymph fungus Metschnikowia sp. (single genotype of each parasite species), as single infections, simultaneous co-infections and as sequential co-infections, with each parasite given 4 days prior residency. Simultaneous co-infections were significantly more virulent than both single infections and sequential co-infections, as measured by a decreased host life span and fecundity. Further, in addition to the Daphnia host, the parasites also suffered fitness decreases in simultaneous co-infections, as measured by spore production. The sequential co-infections, however, had mixed effects: C. mesnili benefited from prior residency, whereas Metschnikowia sp. experienced a decline in fitness. Our results show that multiple-species co-infections of Daphnia may be more virulent than single infections, and that prior residency does not always provide a competitive advantage.

Keywords

co-infectionmultiple infectionwithin-host competitionDaphniaCaullerya mesniliMetschnikowia sp
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 137 , Issue 10 , September 2010 , pp. 1493 - 1500
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

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