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Behavioural and physiological effects of the trophically transmitted cestode parasite, Cyathocephalus truncatus, on its intermediate host, Gammarus pulex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 July 2007

N. FRANCESCHI ,
T. RIGAUD ,
Y. MORET ,
F. HERVANT  and
L. BOLLACHE
N. FRANCESCHI*
Affiliation:
Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS Biogéosciences 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
T. RIGAUD
Affiliation:
Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS Biogéosciences 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
Y. MORET
Affiliation:
Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS Biogéosciences 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
F. HERVANT
Affiliation:
Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux, UMR CNRS 5023, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
L. BOLLACHE
Affiliation:
Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS Biogéosciences 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
*
*Corresponding author: Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 5561, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France. Tel: +33 380 39 62 28. Fax: +33 380 39 62 31. E-mail: nathalie.franceschi@u-bourgogne.fr
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Summary

Some parasites with complex life-cycles are able to manipulate the behaviour of their intermediate hosts in a way that increases their transmission to the next host. Gammarids infected by the tapeworm Cyathocephalus truncatus (Cestoda: Spathebothriidea) are known to be more predated by fish than uninfected ones, but potential behavioural manipulation by the parasite has never been investigated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that C. truncatus is able to manipulate the behaviour of one of its intermediate hosts, Gammarus pulex (Crustacea: Amphipoda). To assess if any behavioural change was linked to other phenotypic alterations, we also measured the immunity of infected and uninfected individuals and investigated the pathogenic effects of the parasite. Infected gammarids were significantly less photophobic than uninfected ones, but no effect of infection on the level of immune defence was found. The results on survival, swimming activity and oxygen consumption suggest that the parasite also has various pathogenic effects. However, the alteration in host phototaxis was not correlated to some of these pathogenic effects. Therefore, we propose that the modification in host reaction to light is a behavioural manipulation, explaining the previously observed increase of gammarid predation rate.

Keywords

cestodeGammaridaebehavioural manipulationimmunitypathogenic effects
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 134 , Issue 12 , November 2007 , pp. 1839 - 1847
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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