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The ecology of parasites of freshwater fishes: the search for patterns

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 April 2009

C. R. KENNEDY
C. R. KENNEDY*
Affiliation:
School of Biosciences, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
*
*Tel: +44 1308 862079. E-mail: C.R. Kennedy@exeter.ac.uk
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Summary

Developments in the study of the ecology of helminth parasites of freshwater fishes over the last half century are reviewed. Most research has of necessity been field based and has involved the search for patterns in population and community dynamics that are repeatable in space and time. Mathematical models predict that under certain conditions host and parasite populations can attain equilibrial levels through operation of regulatory factors. Such factors have been identified in several host-parasite systems and some parasite populations have been shown to persist over long time-periods. However, there is no convincing evidence that fish parasite populations are stable and regulated since in all cases alternative explanations are equally acceptable and it appears that they are non-equilibrial systems. It has proved particularly difficult to detect replicable patterns in parasite communities. Inter-specific competition, evidenced by functional and numerical responses, has been detected in several communities but its occurrence is erratic and its significance unclear. Some studies have failed to find any nested patterns in parasite community structure and richness, whereas others have identified such patterns although they are seldom constant over space and time. Departures from randomness appear to be the exception and then only temporary. It appears that parasite communities are non-equilibrial, stochastic assemblages rather than structured and organized.

Keywords

parasite populationsparasite communitiesstabilitypersistenceregulationequilibriumcompetitionnichenestedness
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Special Issue 12: Special Centenary Issue – Parasitology 1908–2008 , October 2009 , pp. 1653 - 1662
Copyright
Copyright © 2009 Cambridge University Press

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