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First comparative insight into the architecture of COI mitochondrial minicircle molecules of dicyemids reveals marked inter-species variation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2015

SARAH R. CATALANO ,
IAN D. WHITTINGTON ,
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN ,
TERRY BERTOZZI  and
BRONWYN M. GILLANDERS
SARAH R. CATALANO*
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
IAN D. WHITTINGTON
Affiliation:
Parasitology Section, South Australian Museum, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN
Affiliation:
Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
TERRY BERTOZZI
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
BRONWYN M. GILLANDERS
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
*
* Corresponding author. North Terrace Campus, Evolutionary Biology Unit, University of Adelaide, Darling Building, DX 650 418, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. E-mail: Sarah.Catalano@samuseum.sa.gov.au
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Summary

Dicyemids, poorly known parasites of benthic cephalopods, are one of the few phyla in which mitochondrial (mt) genome architecture departs from the typical ~16 kb circular metazoan genome. In addition to a putative circular genome, a series of mt minicircles that each comprises the mt encoded units (I–III) of the cytochrome c oxidase complex have been reported. Whether the structure of the mt minicircles is a consistent feature among dicyemid species is unknown. Here we analyse the complete cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) minicircle molecule, containing the COI gene and an associated non-coding region (NCR), for ten dicyemid species, allowing for first time comparisons between species of minicircle architecture, NCR function and inferences of minicircle replication. Divergence in COI nucleotide sequences between dicyemid species was high (average net divergence = 31·6%) while within species diversity was lower (average net divergence = 0·2%). The NCR and putative 5′ section of the COI gene were highly divergent between dicyemid species (average net nucleotide divergence of putative 5′ COI section = 61·1%). No tRNA genes were found in the NCR, although palindrome sequences with the potential to form stem-loop structures were identified in some species, which may play a role in transcription or other biological processes.

Keywords

Dicyemidamitochondrial DNAminicircle moleculescytochrome c oxidasemulti-species phylogenetic comparisonstaxonomic classification
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 8 , July 2015 , pp. 1066 - 1079
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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