Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:53:01.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Intestinal parasite burden in five troops of olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) in Gombe Stream National Park, Tanzania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

C. D. M. Müller-Graf ,
D. A. Collins  and
M. E. J. Woolhouse
C. D. M. Müller-Graf*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS
D. A. Collins
Affiliation:
ICAPE, Ashworth Laboratory, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT
M. E. J. Woolhouse
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS
*
* Corresponding author.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A cross-sectional parasitological study of a population of wild olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis), consisting of 5 troops, was conducted in Gombe Stream National Park. Baboons were individually recognizable. Information on age, sex, troop membership, reproductive status, social rank and life-history of each individual baboon could be related to parasite infection. Seven helminth taxa and 2 protozoan taxa were found. All baboons were parasitized by at least 1 taxon. Distributions of helminths were aggregated among hosts. There were significant differences among troops in the prevalence of all but 2 of the recorded helminths. Age had a significant impact on the prevalence and intensity of Strongyloides sp. No significant effect of sex on the prevalence of infection could be detected. There was some indication that female reproductive status was related to Trichuris egg output. In contrast to a previous study, no significant correlations between parasite infection and social rank could be found. Troop membership constituted the predominant factor contributing to heterogeneity of prevalence of infection. This suggests that spatial location and/or genetics may be important in determining levels of parasite infection.

Keywords

primateshelminthsprotozoasocial rankspatial heterogeneityTrichuris.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 112 , Issue 5 , May 1996 , pp. 489 - 497
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alexander, J. & Stimson, W. H. (1988). Sex hormones and the course of parasitic infection. Parasitology Today 4, 189–93.Google Scholar
Anderson, R. M. & Gordon, D. M. (1982). Processes influencing the distribution of parasite numbers within host populations with special emphasis on parasite-induced host mortalities. Parasitology 85, 373–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, R. M. & May, R. M. (1991). Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, T. J. C., Zizza, C. A., Leche, G. M., Scott, M. E. & Solomons, N. W. (1993). The distribution of intestinal helminth infections in a rural village in Guatemala. Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz 88, 53–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnard, C. J., Behnke, J. M. & Sewell, J. (1994). Social behaviour and susceptibility to infection in house mice (Mus musculus): effects of group size, aggressive behaviour and status-related hormonal responses prior to infection on resistance to Babesia microti. Parasitology 108, 487–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brabin, L. & Brabin, B. J. (1992). Parasitic infections in women and their consequences. In Advances in Parasitology Vol. 31, (ed. Baker, J. R. & Muller, R.) pp. 1–81, London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bundy, D. A. P. (1988 a). Gender-dependent patterns of infection and disease. Parasitology Today 7, 186–9.Google Scholar
Bundy, D. A. P. (1988 b). Population ecology of intestinal helminth infections in human communities. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B321, 405–20.Google ScholarPubMed
Bundy, D. A. P. (1990). Is the hookworm just another geohelminth? In Hookworm Disease (ed. Schad, G. A. & Warren, K. S.) pp. 147–164, London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Bundy, D. A. P., Cooper, E. S., Thompson, D. E., Anderson, R. M. & Didier, J. M. (1987). Age-related prevalence and intensity of Trichuris trichiura infection in a St. Lucian community. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, 85–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, L., Bundy, D. A. P. & Kan, S. P. (1994). Aggregation and predisposition to Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura at the familial level. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88, 46–8.Google Scholar
Cheesbrough, M. (1987). Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries, Cambridge: ELBS co-published with Tropical Health Technology/Butterworth-Heinemann.Google Scholar
Crofton, H. D. (1971). A quantitative approach to parasitism. Parasitology 62, 179–93.Google Scholar
Dobson, A. P. (1990). Models for multi-species parasitehost communities. In Parasite Communities: Pattern and Processes, (ed. Esch, G., Bush, A. & Aho, J.), pp. 261–288, London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Dunbar, R. I. (1988). Primate Social Systems. London: Croom & Helm.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenwick, A. (1969). Baboons as reservoir hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 63, 557–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Forrester, J. E., Scott, M. E., Bundy, D. A. P. & Golden, M. H. N. (1988). Clustering of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections within households. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 82, 282–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeland, W. J. (1981). Parasitism and behavioural dominance among male mice. Science 213, 461–2.Google Scholar
Goldsmid, J. M. (1974). The intestinal helminthzoonoses of primates in Rhodesia. Annales de la Société belge de médicine tropicale, 54, 87–101.Google Scholar
Goldsmid, J. M. & Rogers, s. (1978). A paraitological study on the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus) from the Northern Transvaal. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 49, 109–11.Google Scholar
Gulland, F. M. D. (1991). The Role of Parasites in the Population Dynamics of Soay Sheep on St. Kilda. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Halvorsen, O. (1986). On the relationship between social status of host and risk of parasitic infection. Oikos 47, 71–4.Google Scholar
Hausfater, G. (1975). Dominance and reproduction in baboons (Papio cynocephalus). A quantitative analysis. Contributions to Primatology 7, 1–150.Google Scholar
Jaenike, J. (1994). Aggregation of nematode parasites within Drosophila: proximate causes. Parasitology 108, 569–77.Google Scholar
Jessee, M. T., Schilling, P. W. & Stunkard, J. A. (1970). Identification of intestinal helminth eggs in old world primates. Laboratory Animal Care 20, 83–7.Google Scholar
Keymer, A. E. & Anderson, R. M. (1979). The dynamics of infection of Tribolium confusum by Hymenolepis diminuta: the influence of infective-stage density and spatial distribution. Parasitology 79, 195–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keymer, A. E. & Read, A. F. (1991). Behavioural ecology: the impact of parasitism. In Parasite–Host Associations Coexistence or Conflict?, (ed. Toft, C. A., Aeschlimann, A. & Bolis, L.), pp. 37–62, Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keymer, A. E. & Tarlton, A. B. (1991). The population dynamics of acquired immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus in the laboratory mouse: strain, diet and exposure. Parasitology 103, 121–6.Google Scholar
Kuntz, R. E. & Myers, B. J. (1966). Parasites of baboons (Papio doguera (Pucheran, 1856)) captured in Kenya and Tanzania, East Africa. Primates 7, 27–32.Google Scholar
Margolis, L., Esch, G. W., Holmes, J. C., Kuris, A. M. & Schad, G. A. (1982). The use of ecological terms in parasitology (report of an ad hoc committee of the American Society of Parasitologists). Journal of Parasitology 68, 131–3.Google Scholar
McConnell, E. E., Basson, P. A., Devos, V., Myers, B. J. & Kuntz, R. E. (1974). A survey of diseases among 100 free-ranging baboons (Papio ursinus) from the Kruger National Park. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 41, 97–168.Google Scholar
McGrew, W. C., Tutin, C. E. G., Collins, D. A. & File, S. K. (1988). Intestinal parasites of sympatric Pan troglodytes and Papio spp. at two sites: Gombe (Tanzania) and Mt. Assirik (Senegal). American Journal of Primatology 17, 147–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meade, B. J. (1983). Host–Parasite Dynamics Among Amboseli Baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.Google Scholar
Montgomery, S. S. J. & Montgomery, W. I. (1989). Spatial and temporal variation in the infracommunity structure of helminths of Apodemus sylvaticus (Rodentia: Muridae). Parasitology 98, 145–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Motulsky, H. (1995). Intuitive Biostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Müller-Graf, C. D. M. (1994). Ecological parasitism of baboons and lions. D.Phil thesis, University of Oxford.Google Scholar
Packer, C. (1977). Inter-troop transfer and inbreeding avoidance in Papio anubis in Tanzania. Ph.D., University of Sussex.Google Scholar
Packer, c. (1979). Inter-troop transfer and inbreeding avoidance in Papio anubis. Animal Behaviour 27, 1–36.Google Scholar
Pence, D. B. (1990). Helminth community of mammalian hosts: concepts at the infracommunity, component and compound community levels. In Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes (ed. Esch, G., Bush, A. & Aho, J.), pp. 233–260, London: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettifer, H. L. (1984). The helminth fauna of the digestive tracts of chacma baboons, Papio ursinus, from different localities in the Transvaal. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 51, 161–70.Google ScholarPubMed
Price, P. (1980). Evolutionary Biology of Parasites, Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ransom, T. W. (1981). Beach Troop of the Gombe. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.Google Scholar
Rau, M. E. (1983). Establishment and maintenance of behavioural dominance in male mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Parasitology 86, 319–22.Google Scholar
Rau, M. E. (1984). Loss of behavioural dominance in male mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Parasitology 88, 371–3.Google Scholar
Rohlf, J. F. & Sokal, R. R. (1981). Statistical Tables. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Schmid-Hempel, P. & Koella, J. C. (1994). Variability and its implications for host-parasite interactions. Parasitology Today 10, 98–100.Google Scholar
Scott, M. E. (1991). Susceptible and resistant strains of mice are indistinguishable following natural infection. Parasitology 103, 429–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scott, M. E. & Dobson, A. (1989). The role of parasites in regulating host abundance. Parasitology Today 5, 176–83.Google Scholar
Sousa, W. p. (1990). Spatial scale and the processes structuring a guild of larval trematode parasites. In Parasite Communities: Pattern and Processes (ed. Esch, G. W., Bush, A. O. & Aho, J. M.) pp. 41–69. London: Chapman and Hall.Google Scholar
Tanguay, G. V. & Scott, M. E. (1992). Factors generating aggregation of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) in laboratory mice. Parasitology 104, 519–29.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Théron, A., Pointier, J. P., Morand, S., Imbert-Establet, D. & Borel, G. (1992). Long-term dynamics of natural populations of Schistosoma mansoni among Rattus rattus in patchy environment. Parasitology 104, 291–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakelin, D. (1985). Genetic control of immunity to helminth infections. Parasitology Today 1, 17–23.Google Scholar
Wakelin, D. & Blackwell, J. M. (1988). Genetics of Resistance to Bacterial and Parasitic Infection. London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Wiilkins, H. A. 1987). The epidemiology of schistosome infections in man. In The Biology of Schistosomes. From Genes to Latrines (ed. Rollinson, D. & Simpson, A. J. G.), pp. 379–398, London: Academic Press.Google Scholar