Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T14:11:58.353Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Queer Approach to Understanding LGBT Vulnerability during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 December 2020

Graeme Reid
Affiliation:
Human Rights Watch
Samuel Ritholtz
Affiliation:
University of Oxford

Abstract

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, advocates have argued for the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) people in humanitarian response efforts. Yet the application of this differential focus has been mixed among international policy guidelines and national programs. This research note details a queer theoretical approach to humanitarian crises that considers the intersectional factors that produce specific vulnerabilities within LGBT communities. We take two examples from distinct LGBT communities during the COVID-19 pandemic to demonstrate the analytical risk of treating the umbrella acronym LGBT, indicating distinct identity groups, as monolithic and not differentiating within identity groups based on other factors. We contend that this monolithic approach risks obviating the way different structural forces further compound precarity during crisis. Thus, we make the case for rooting intersectional approaches in any queer analyses of crisis.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Women, Gender, and Politics Research Section of the American Political Science Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The authors would like to thank Wendy Isaack, Laura Mills, Ryan Thoreson, and Julia Zulver, as well as the editors and anonymous reviewers, for their comments and suggestions.

References

REFERENCES

Azcona, Ginette, Bhatt, Antra, Davies, Sara, Harman, Sophie, Smith, Julia, and Wenham, Clare. 2020. “Spotlight on Gender, COVID-19 and the SDGs: Will the Pandemic Derail Hard-Won Progress on Gender Equality?” UN Women. https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2020/07/spotlight-on-gender-covid-19-and-the-sdgs (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
Bennett, Jane. 2010. “Circles and Circles: Notes on African Feminist Debates around Gender and Violence in the 21 Century.” Feminist Africa 14: 2147.Google Scholar
Bishop, Amie. 2020. “Vulnerability Amplified: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on LGBTIQ People.” Outright Action International. https://outrightinternational.org/sites/default/files/COVIDsReportDesign_FINAL_LR_0.pdf (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
de Sousa, Alvaro Francisco Lopes, et al. 2020. “Casual Sex among MSM during the Period of Social Isolation in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nationwide Study in Brazil and Portugal.” medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.07.20113142.Google Scholar
Duong, Kevin. 2012. “What Does Queer Theory Teach Us about Intersectionality.” Politics & Gender 8 (3): 370–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaillard, Jean-Christophe, Gorman-Murray, Andrew, and Fordham, Maureen. 2017. “Sexual and Gender Minorities in Disaster.” Gender, Place & Culture 24 (1): 1826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, Frederick L. 1996. “Introducing Queer Theory into the Undergraduate Classroom: Abstractions and Practical Applications.” English Education 28 (4): 325–39.Google Scholar
Halberstam, Judith. 2003. “Reflections on Queer Studies and Queer Pedagogy.” Journal of Homosexuality 45 (2–4): 361–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haneef, Christina, and Kalyanpur, Anushka. 2020. “Global Rapid Gender Analysis for COVID-19.” CARE and International Rescue Committee, March 31. https://www.rescue.org/report/global-rapid-gender-analysis-covid-19 (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2020a. “HRW Submission to the UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women.” https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/22/human-rights-watch-submission-un-special-rapporteur-violence-against-women (accessed September 1, 2020).Google Scholar
Human Rights Watch. 2020b. “South Africa: End Bias in Covid-19 Food Aid.” March 20. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/20/south-africa-end-bias-covid-19-food-aid (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
Isaack, Wendy. 2018. “‘No Choice but to Deny Who I Am’: Violence and Discrimination against LGBT People in Ghana.” Human Rights Watch, January 8. https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/08/no-choice-deny-who-i-am/violence-and-discrimination-against-lgbt-people-ghana.Google Scholar
Kayal, Philip M. 2018. Bearing Witness: Gay Men's Health Crisis and the Politics of AIDS. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, HeeSoon, and Miller, Vivian J.. 2020. “The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Minority Groups: A Social Justice Concern.” Journal of Gerontological Social Work. Published online June 5. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2020.1777241CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKay, Tara, Henne, Jeff, Gonzales, Gilbert, Quarles, Rebecca, Gavulic, Kyle A., and Gallegos, Sergio Garcia. 2020. “The COVID-19 Pandemic and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3614113 (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
McKechnie, Michelle L., Bavinton, Benjamin R., and Zablotska, Iryna B.. 2013. “Understanding of Norms Regarding Sexual Practices among Gay Men: Literature Review.” AIDS and Behavior 17 (4): 1245–54.Google ScholarPubMed
Morris, Marla. 1998. “Unresting the Curriculum: Queer Projects, Queer Imaginings.” In Queer Theory in Education, ed. Pinar, William F.. New York: Routledge, 275–86.Google Scholar
Nath, Dipika. 2011. We'll Show You You're a Woman. New York: Human Rights Watch.Google Scholar
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights (OHCHR). 2020. “COVID-19: The Suffering and Resilience of LGBT Persons Must Be Visible and Inform the Actions of States.” Statement by human rights experts on the International Day against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia, May 17. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25884&LangID=E (accessed October 14, 2020).Google Scholar
O'Sullivan, Tracey L., and Phillips, Karen P.. 2019. “From SARS to Pandemic Influenza: The Framing of High-Risk Populations.” Natural Hazards 98 (1): 103–17.Google ScholarPubMed
Reid, Graeme. 2020. “LGBTQ Inequality and Vulnerability in the Pandemic.” Foreign Policy In Focus, June 17. https://fpif.org/lgbtq-inequality-and-vulnerability-in-the-pandemic/ (accessed September 1, 2020).Google Scholar
Ritholtz, Samuel. 2020. “How COVID-19 Aid Is Leaving LGBTQ+ People Out.” The New Humanitarian, June 24. https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2020/06/24/LGBTQ-gender-coronavirus-discrimination-aid (accessed September 1, 2020).Google Scholar
Roeder, Larry W., ed. 2014. Issues of Gender and Sexual Orientation in Humanitarian Emergencies: Risks and Risk Reduction. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International.Google Scholar
Serrano-Amaya, José Fernando. 2017. Homophobic Violence in Armed Conflict and Political Transition. New York: Nature America.Google Scholar
Shlasko, G. D. 2005. “Queer (v.) Pedagogy.” Equity & Excellence in Education 38 (2): 123–34.Google Scholar
Wenham, Clare, Smith, Julia, and Morgan, Rosemary. 2020. “COVID-19: The Gendered Impacts of the Outbreak.” The Lancet 395 (10227): 846–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed